← back to MAL Compliance index
📄 next to a language name opens a page of real sample sentences from that language’s treebank, with the verb (red) and its dependents (green) highlighted, illustrating the configurations on which MAL is computed.
| Language ⇅ | Family ⇅ | VO ⇅ | MAL β(1→max) ⇅ | MAL compliance ⇅ | MAL_1 (count) ⇅ | 1→2 ⇅ | MAL_2 (count) ⇅ | 2→3 ⇅ | MAL_3 (count) ⇅ | 3→4 ⇅ | MAL_4 (count) ⇅ | 4→5 ⇅ | MAL_5 (count) ⇅ | 5→6 ⇅ | MAL_6 (count) ⇅ | 6→7 ⇅ | MAL_7 (count) ⇅ | 7→8 ⇅ | MAL_8 (count) ⇅ | 8→9 ⇅ | MAL_9 (count) ⇅ | 9→10 ⇅ | MAL_10 (count) ⇅ | 10→11 ⇅ | MAL_11 (count) ⇅ | 11→12 ⇅ | MAL_12 (count) ⇅ | 12→13 ⇅ | MAL_13 (count) ⇅ | 13→14 ⇅ | MAL_14 (count) ⇅ | 14→15 ⇅ | MAL_15 (count) ⇅ | 15→16 ⇅ | MAL_16 (count) ⇅ | 16→17 ⇅ | MAL_17 (count) ⇅ | 17→18 ⇅ | MAL_18 (count) ⇅ | 18→19 ⇅ | MAL_19 (count) ⇅ | 19→20 ⇅ | MAL_20 (count) ⇅ | 20→21 ⇅ | MAL_21 (count) ⇅ | 21→22 ⇅ | MAL_22 (count) ⇅ | 22→23 ⇅ | MAL_23 (count) ⇅ | 23→24 ⇅ | MAL_24 (count) ⇅ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abaza 📄 | Caucasian | 0.10 | — | 1.769 (95) | — | 1.564 (53) | — | 1.605 (27) | — | 1.812 (8) | — | 1.700 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Abkhaz 📄 | Caucasian | 0.01 | β = -0.071 (gray zone) | 0.50 (middle) | 1.668 (1264) | -0.120 | 1.812 (845) | 0.029 | 1.791 (326) | — | 1.926 (84) | — | 1.500 (6) | — | 1.167 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Afrikaans 📄 | Indo-European | 0.16 | β = 0.181 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 5.199 (487) | 0.120 | 4.784 (1462) | 0.260 | 4.305 (1096) | 0.224 | 4.036 (576) | 0.096 | 3.950 (190) | — | 3.216 (51) | — | 3.735 (7) | — | 4.875 (1) | — | 3.167 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Akkadian 📄 | Afroasiatic | 0.05 | β = 0.052 (gray zone) | 0.67 (high) | 3.490 (1169) | 0.152 | 3.142 (1006) | 0.151 | 2.956 (449) | -0.479 | 3.392 (148) | — | 3.237 (48) | — | 3.306 (18) | — | 3.829 (5) | — | 2.830 (22) | — | 4.296 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2.368 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Akuntsu 📄 | South-American | 0.06 | — | 1.262 (123) | — | 1.146 (96) | — | 1.154 (13) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Albanian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.93 | β = -0.045 (gray zone) | 0.00 (low) | 4.667 (25) | — | 3.246 (138) | -0.045 | 3.306 (112) | — | 3.056 (53) | — | 3.122 (23) | — | 3.500 (3) | — | 2.286 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | 4.300 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Amharic 📄 | Afroasiatic | 0.01 | β = 0.074 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 1.490 (57) | — | 2.076 (482) | 0.119 | 1.978 (505) | 0.004 | 1.976 (250) | — | 1.844 (73) | — | 1.595 (14) | — | 1.571 (1) | — | 1.500 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| AncientGreek 📄 | Indo-European | 0.56 | β = 0.054 (gray zone) | 0.62 (middle) | 2.814 (9255) | 0.086 | 2.651 (14188) | 0.074 | 2.573 (11573) | 0.146 | 2.467 (7232) | -0.079 | 2.510 (3986) | 0.155 | 2.440 (1978) | -0.193 | 2.514 (821) | 0.175 | 2.456 (301) | -0.295 | 2.543 (112) | — | 2.655 (40) | — | 2.566 (9) | — | 3.125 (2) | — | 2.692 (1) | — | 2.357 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| AncientHebrew 📄 | Afroasiatic | 0.87 | β = 0.029 (gray zone) | 0.75 (high) | 4.067 (662) | 0.128 | 3.721 (1968) | -0.084 | 3.850 (1406) | 0.008 | 3.841 (457) | 0.009 | 3.834 (109) | — | 4.750 (19) | — | 4.143 (0) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Apurinã 📄 | South-American | 0.88 | — | 1.758 (34) | — | 1.432 (66) | — | 1.417 (40) | — | 1.139 (9) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Arabic 📄 | Afroasiatic | 0.97 | β = 0.158 (MAL) | 0.33 (low) | 11.132 (208) | 0.479 | 7.989 (6589) | 0.268 | 7.168 (7206) | -0.079 | 7.332 (3694) | -0.045 | 7.406 (1384) | -0.284 | 7.800 (343) | -0.184 | 8.024 (106) | — | 10.828 (24) | — | 9.029 (13) | — | 10.714 (5) | — | 7.227 (2) | — | 10.217 (4) | — | 3.769 (1) | — | 24.179 (0) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Arhuaco 📄 | South-American | 0.02 | β = 0.127 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 2.374 (215) | 0.129 | 2.170 (267) | 0.124 | 2.064 (119) | — | 2.048 (31) | — | 1.629 (7) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Armenian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.46 | β = 0.056 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 4.082 (3346) | 0.021 | 4.023 (5120) | 0.144 | 3.795 (2913) | 0.014 | 3.780 (870) | 0.010 | 3.772 (176) | — | 3.869 (27) | — | 2.686 (5) | — | 3.500 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Assyrian 📄 | Afroasiatic | 0.80 | — | 2.583 (11) | — | 2.348 (17) | — | 2.667 (4) | — | 1.750 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Azerbaijani 📄 | Turkic | 0.00 | — | 1.719 (59) | — | 1.530 (67) | — | 1.778 (18) | — | 1.327 (13) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Bambara 📄 | Niger-Congo | 0.00 | β = -0.286 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 2.401 (556) | -0.261 | 2.878 (1116) | -0.179 | 3.094 (466) | -0.594 | 3.671 (107) | — | 4.347 (15) | — | 4.714 (7) | — | 3.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Basque 📄 | Other | 0.14 | β = 0.061 (gray zone) | 0.80 (high) | 2.646 (5600) | 0.074 | 2.514 (5705) | 0.066 | 2.448 (3541) | -0.032 | 2.470 (1521) | 0.055 | 2.440 (391) | 0.296 | 2.312 (103) | — | 2.088 (21) | — | 2.333 (3) | — | 1.905 (6) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Bavarian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.50 | β = 0.134 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 3.050 (129) | 0.164 | 2.722 (338) | 0.093 | 2.621 (366) | 0.064 | 2.573 (200) | 0.288 | 2.413 (116) | — | 2.756 (27) | — | 2.444 (9) | — | 1.875 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Beja 📄 | Afroasiatic | 0.01 | β = 0.379 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 5.050 (929) | 0.486 | 3.606 (544) | 0.162 | 3.377 (208) | — | 3.026 (48) | — | 3.125 (8) | — | 2.667 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Belarusian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.87 | β = 0.181 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 3.773 (1544) | 0.130 | 3.449 (9147) | 0.279 | 3.080 (6668) | 0.194 | 2.912 (2129) | 0.056 | 2.876 (449) | — | 2.974 (82) | — | 3.179 (11) | — | 1.750 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Bengali 📄 | Indo-European | 0.09 | — | 1.500 (14) | — | 1.306 (17) | — | 1.615 (13) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Bhojpuri 📄 | Indo-European | 0.03 | β = -0.041 (gray zone) | 0.00 (low) | 4.496 (220) | -0.041 | 4.624 (139) | — | 4.293 (91) | — | 3.844 (53) | — | 4.373 (15) | — | 3.778 (9) | — | 2.571 (6) | — | 6.625 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | 2.818 (2) | — | — | — | 2.308 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Borôro 📄 | South-American | 0.00 | β = 0.134 (MAL) | 0.80 (high) | 2.019 (4442) | 0.196 | 1.762 (7830) | 0.102 | 1.691 (4434) | 0.178 | 1.606 (1669) | 0.051 | 1.588 (366) | -0.061 | 1.606 (108) | — | 1.645 (28) | — | 1.450 (5) | — | 1.667 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Breton 📄 | Indo-European | 0.92 | β = 0.119 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 3.645 (62) | — | 3.345 (147) | 0.119 | 3.188 (145) | — | 3.054 (61) | — | 2.114 (14) | — | 2.667 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Buglere 📄 | South-American | 0.01 | β = -0.009 (gray zone) | 0.50 (middle) | 1.476 (114) | -0.043 | 1.521 (207) | 0.062 | 1.484 (102) | — | 1.950 (25) | — | 2.133 (3) | — | 1.333 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Bulgarian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.96 | β = 0.172 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 3.864 (785) | 0.052 | 3.727 (5200) | 0.276 | 3.333 (4226) | 0.257 | 3.096 (1423) | 0.188 | 2.969 (298) | — | 2.992 (43) | — | 4.619 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Buryat 📄 | Other | 0.01 | β = 0.159 (MAL) | 0.50 (middle) | 2.990 (497) | 0.245 | 2.523 (463) | -0.017 | 2.540 (211) | — | 2.407 (81) | — | 2.383 (24) | — | 1.933 (5) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Cantonese 📄 | Sino-Austronesian | 0.97 | β = -0.052 (gray zone) | 0.33 (low) | 2.592 (266) | -0.127 | 2.830 (492) | 0.093 | 2.726 (299) | -0.120 | 2.821 (181) | — | 2.667 (60) | — | 3.562 (24) | — | 3.195 (11) | — | 4.000 (1) | — | 3.778 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| CappadocianGreek 📄 | Indo-European | 0.93 | — | 2.986 (37) | — | 2.732 (126) | — | 2.196 (71) | — | 2.583 (30) | — | 2.307 (14) | — | 2.208 (4) | — | — | — | — | — | 2.889 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Catalan 📄 | Indo-European | 0.99 | β = 0.255 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 8.244 (829) | 0.190 | 7.224 (10430) | 0.373 | 6.210 (11014) | 0.274 | 5.739 (5219) | 0.185 | 5.507 (1695) | 0.161 | 5.348 (362) | — | 5.545 (51) | — | 4.566 (16) | — | 4.056 (2) | — | 5.300 (1) | — | — | — | 12.250 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Cebuano 📄 | Sino-Austronesian | 1.00 | — | 2.209 (10) | — | 2.062 (20) | — | 2.021 (24) | — | 1.846 (9) | — | 2.100 (1) | — | 1.167 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CentralKurdish 📄 | Indo-European | 0.06 | — | 1.905 (43) | — | 1.714 (47) | — | 1.810 (7) | — | 1.250 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Chhintange 📄 | Sino-Austronesian | 0.04 | β = 0.215 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 2.016 (1334) | 0.201 | 1.755 (920) | 0.244 | 1.589 (293) | — | 1.611 (54) | — | 1.857 (7) | — | 1.139 (6) | — | 2.214 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Chinese 📄 | Sino-Austronesian | 0.99 | β = -0.039 (gray zone) | 0.40 (middle) | 3.428 (4555) | -0.218 | 3.987 (10866) | 0.204 | 3.671 (7137) | 0.051 | 3.618 (3549) | -0.198 | 3.782 (1237) | -0.102 | 3.853 (376) | — | 3.604 (92) | — | 4.250 (15) | — | 4.222 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Chukot 📄 | Other | 0.44 | β = -0.047 (gray zone) | 0.00 (low) | 1.354 (266) | -0.056 | 1.408 (249) | -0.028 | 1.424 (120) | — | 1.534 (43) | — | 1.480 (19) | — | 1.583 (6) | — | 1.929 (2) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | 1.556 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ClassArmenian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.66 | β = 0.005 (gray zone) | 0.50 (middle) | 3.894 (1353) | 0.204 | 3.381 (3258) | -0.226 | 3.705 (2211) | 0.034 | 3.669 (830) | -0.180 | 3.820 (233) | — | 4.308 (63) | — | 4.193 (19) | — | 6.292 (3) | — | 4.889 (1) | — | 4.600 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ClassChinese 📄 | Sino-Austronesian | 1.00 | β = 0.075 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 1.795 (20901) | 0.008 | 1.785 (34875) | 0.138 | 1.688 (14156) | 0.079 | 1.650 (3003) | 0.155 | 1.594 (407) | — | 1.652 (45) | — | 1.429 (5) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Coptic 📄 | Afroasiatic | 1.00 | β = -0.151 (Anti-MAL) | 0.40 (middle) | 3.134 (604) | -0.219 | 3.647 (2197) | -0.339 | 4.183 (2538) | 0.083 | 4.085 (1558) | -0.045 | 4.126 (735) | 0.135 | 4.026 (245) | — | 4.310 (90) | — | 4.636 (22) | — | 4.022 (5) | — | 6.800 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Croatian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.90 | β = 0.268 (MAL) | 0.75 (high) | 5.428 (390) | 0.234 | 4.615 (4836) | 0.409 | 3.910 (4418) | 0.252 | 3.637 (1888) | -0.025 | 3.657 (511) | — | 3.712 (92) | — | 3.612 (14) | — | 5.500 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Czech 📄 | Indo-European | 0.84 | β = 0.240 (MAL) | 0.83 (high) | 4.907 (17685) | 0.200 | 4.272 (105053) | 0.471 | 3.530 (91847) | 0.257 | 3.278 (40651) | 0.059 | 3.235 (11274) | 0.117 | 3.167 (2231) | -0.131 | 3.232 (352) | — | 3.246 (66) | — | 6.485 (11) | — | 3.500 (2) | — | 14.000 (1) | — | 11.417 (1) | — | 10.692 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Danish 📄 | Indo-European | 0.98 | β = 0.131 (MAL) | 0.75 (high) | 3.969 (447) | -0.075 | 4.180 (2772) | 0.405 | 3.548 (2866) | 0.187 | 3.362 (1387) | 0.021 | 3.346 (425) | — | 3.165 (88) | — | 3.341 (18) | — | 2.614 (11) | — | 3.389 (2) | — | 1.900 (1) | — | 2.182 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Dutch 📄 | Indo-European | 0.44 | β = 0.087 (gray zone) | 0.60 (middle) | 3.736 (4088) | -0.078 | 3.944 (12743) | 0.197 | 3.641 (13223) | 0.157 | 3.480 (6600) | 0.253 | 3.289 (2182) | -0.044 | 3.316 (525) | — | 3.344 (86) | — | 2.069 (8) | — | — | — | 3.400 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Egyptian 📄 | Afroasiatic | 1.00 | β = 0.081 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 2.249 (44) | — | 2.802 (138) | 0.081 | 2.712 (177) | — | 2.910 (81) | — | 3.188 (20) | — | 3.474 (4) | — | 2.429 (0) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| English 📄 | Indo-European | 0.99 | β = 0.059 (gray zone) | 0.40 (middle) | 3.724 (7139) | 0.139 | 3.383 (37037) | 0.188 | 3.134 (25893) | -0.082 | 3.209 (8716) | -0.191 | 3.348 (2013) | -0.036 | 3.370 (353) | — | 3.580 (48) | — | 4.571 (14) | — | 3.333 (0) | — | 4.667 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | 1.846 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Erzya 📄 | Uralic | 0.61 | β = -0.016 (gray zone) | 0.67 (high) | 1.823 (631) | -0.061 | 1.901 (926) | 0.022 | 1.884 (570) | 0.047 | 1.859 (191) | — | 1.900 (34) | — | 1.639 (4) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Esperanto 📄 | Indo-European | 0.90 | — | 6.114 (7) | — | 5.560 (99) | — | 5.967 (80) | — | 4.517 (29) | — | 6.982 (11) | — | 6.042 (4) | — | 5.143 (1) | — | — | — | 11.333 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Estonian 📄 | Uralic | 0.67 | β = 0.208 (MAL) | 0.80 (high) | 3.445 (5485) | 0.113 | 3.185 (17076) | 0.399 | 2.709 (14156) | 0.258 | 2.515 (5865) | -0.003 | 2.517 (1543) | 0.133 | 2.456 (345) | — | 2.379 (61) | — | 2.281 (8) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Faroese 📄 | Indo-European | 0.95 | β = -0.076 (gray zone) | 0.25 (low) | 3.050 (366) | 0.087 | 2.871 (1436) | -0.148 | 3.048 (1406) | -0.248 | 3.274 (643) | -0.207 | 3.429 (187) | — | 3.571 (59) | — | 3.490 (7) | — | 4.000 (4) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Finnish 📄 | Uralic | 0.75 | β = 0.107 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 2.691 (7515) | 0.024 | 2.647 (16238) | 0.232 | 2.410 (11977) | 0.098 | 2.343 (4112) | 0.084 | 2.299 (914) | 0.085 | 2.264 (190) | — | 1.894 (37) | — | 1.667 (9) | — | 1.889 (1) | — | — | — | 1.364 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| French 📄 | Indo-European | 1.00 | β = 0.254 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 6.255 (1799) | 0.225 | 5.350 (12445) | 0.327 | 4.685 (12464) | 0.231 | 4.384 (6294) | 0.213 | 4.180 (2031) | 0.245 | 3.998 (487) | — | 3.922 (95) | — | 4.188 (16) | — | 4.000 (1) | — | 3.250 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| FrisianDutch 📄 | Indo-European | 0.40 | β = 0.331 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 2.979 (28) | — | 2.397 (109) | 0.331 | 2.096 (104) | — | 2.085 (58) | — | 1.711 (16) | — | 2.292 (4) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Gaelic 📄 | Indo-European | 1.00 | β = 0.348 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 4.307 (40) | — | 4.690 (828) | 0.476 | 3.867 (965) | 0.147 | 3.707 (303) | — | 3.481 (76) | — | 3.651 (7) | — | 2.800 (5) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Galician 📄 | Indo-European | 0.99 | β = 0.391 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 9.201 (303) | 0.283 | 7.563 (3468) | 0.487 | 6.208 (3060) | 0.373 | 5.577 (1300) | 0.307 | 5.207 (392) | 0.815 | 4.488 (116) | — | 4.589 (32) | — | 3.929 (14) | — | 2.778 (1) | — | — | — | 2.909 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Gbaya 📄 | Niger-Congo | 0.99 | — | 1.402 (85) | — | 1.612 (156) | — | 1.497 (90) | — | 1.707 (46) | — | 2.043 (14) | — | 1.333 (2) | — | 2.857 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Georgian 📄 | Caucasian | 0.49 | β = 0.149 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 3.563 (797) | 0.037 | 3.472 (2440) | 0.223 | 3.172 (2000) | 0.166 | 3.024 (784) | 0.371 | 2.784 (236) | — | 3.062 (48) | — | 3.010 (14) | — | 2.729 (6) | — | 2.556 (2) | — | 3.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| German 📄 | Indo-European | 0.37 | β = 0.171 (MAL) | 0.71 (high) | 4.117 (17828) | -0.002 | 4.124 (70193) | 0.176 | 3.839 (90663) | 0.290 | 3.532 (57653) | 0.261 | 3.332 (21941) | 0.298 | 3.156 (5662) | 0.238 | 3.042 (1149) | -0.011 | 3.047 (181) | — | 2.743 (35) | — | 3.325 (4) | — | 2.182 (1) | — | 4.917 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Gheg 📄 | Indo-European | 0.95 | β = 0.114 (MAL) | 0.67 (high) | 2.644 (252) | 0.164 | 2.360 (753) | 0.164 | 2.209 (595) | -0.154 | 2.309 (246) | — | 2.015 (68) | — | 2.378 (26) | — | 2.367 (7) | — | 1.781 (4) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Gothic 📄 | Indo-European | 0.68 | β = -0.120 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 2.501 (1504) | -0.003 | 2.506 (2902) | -0.100 | 2.610 (1839) | -0.211 | 2.774 (737) | -0.528 | 3.121 (223) | — | 2.934 (59) | — | 3.555 (17) | — | 2.750 (2) | — | 3.222 (2) | — | 2.800 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Greek 📄 | Indo-European | 0.97 | β = 0.213 (MAL) | 0.75 (high) | 6.196 (644) | 0.329 | 4.931 (3354) | 0.259 | 4.438 (2149) | -0.117 | 4.591 (719) | 0.231 | 4.360 (142) | — | 4.353 (25) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Guajajára 📄 | South-American | 0.77 | β = 0.081 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 1.658 (88) | — | 1.594 (193) | 0.081 | 1.543 (123) | — | 1.533 (46) | — | 1.600 (13) | — | 1.944 (3) | — | 1.286 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Guarani 📄 | South-American | 0.67 | — | 1.583 (18) | — | 1.545 (6) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | 1.600 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Gujarati 📄 | Indo-European | 0.03 | — | 3.309 (53) | — | 2.476 (84) | — | 2.217 (43) | — | 2.725 (10) | — | 3.400 (5) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Gwichʼin 📄 | Other | 0.00 | — | 1.296 (122) | — | 1.768 (41) | — | 2.500 (4) | — | 2.125 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Haitian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.99 | β = 0.190 (MAL) | 0.75 (high) | 4.708 (575) | 0.247 | 3.966 (3104) | 0.231 | 3.612 (2237) | 0.145 | 3.464 (823) | -0.118 | 3.557 (218) | — | 3.616 (56) | — | 3.408 (7) | — | 1.875 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Hausa 📄 | Afroasiatic | 1.00 | β = -0.163 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 2.262 (307) | -0.060 | 2.357 (661) | -0.252 | 2.611 (417) | -0.307 | 2.852 (190) | — | 3.167 (73) | — | 3.028 (18) | — | 3.464 (8) | — | 6.188 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Hebrew 📄 | Afroasiatic | 0.98 | β = 0.194 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 6.851 (790) | 0.136 | 6.235 (7641) | 0.235 | 5.669 (6088) | 0.264 | 5.254 (2128) | 0.167 | 5.062 (474) | — | 5.005 (67) | — | 4.629 (10) | — | — | — | 5.333 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| HighlandNahuatl 📄 | South-American | 0.87 | β = 0.229 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 2.348 (254) | 0.258 | 1.963 (531) | 0.168 | 1.833 (239) | — | 1.745 (55) | — | 2.133 (9) | — | 2.167 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Hindi 📄 | Indo-European | 0.04 | β = 0.099 (gray zone) | 0.67 (high) | 4.121 (8192) | -0.420 | 5.515 (10856) | 0.518 | 4.469 (8535) | 0.268 | 4.138 (4480) | 0.183 | 3.973 (1572) | -0.191 | 4.114 (440) | 0.892 | 3.585 (104) | — | 3.875 (16) | — | 3.315 (6) | — | 3.500 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4.429 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2.833 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Hittite 📄 | Indo-European | 0.00 | — | 2.184 (38) | — | 2.336 (64) | — | 2.214 (53) | — | 2.040 (31) | — | 2.691 (11) | — | 1.583 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Hungarian 📄 | Uralic | 0.52 | β = 0.052 (gray zone) | 0.50 (middle) | 3.777 (212) | -0.091 | 4.022 (949) | 0.200 | 3.709 (1069) | 0.147 | 3.556 (663) | -0.000 | 3.556 (265) | — | 3.326 (94) | — | 3.363 (26) | — | 4.000 (1) | — | 3.111 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Icelandic 📄 | Indo-European | 0.91 | β = -0.035 (gray zone) | 0.29 (low) | 3.702 (9130) | 0.136 | 3.369 (32790) | 0.162 | 3.155 (30786) | -0.149 | 3.293 (16008) | -0.260 | 3.490 (6098) | -0.285 | 3.676 (1827) | -0.196 | 3.789 (534) | -0.191 | 3.886 (161) | — | 4.252 (55) | — | 3.981 (26) | — | 2.879 (9) | — | 3.683 (5) | — | 2.519 (4) | — | 6.071 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Indonesian 📄 | Sino-Austronesian | 1.00 | β = 0.108 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 4.691 (686) | 0.023 | 4.616 (5499) | 0.169 | 4.311 (3828) | 0.156 | 4.122 (1478) | 0.184 | 3.956 (426) | — | 3.731 (80) | — | 3.371 (10) | — | 2.500 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Irish 📄 | Indo-European | 1.00 | β = 0.046 (gray zone) | 0.50 (middle) | 4.400 (156) | 0.132 | 4.015 (1123) | 0.021 | 3.981 (1088) | -0.004 | 3.985 (643) | -0.159 | 4.129 (282) | — | 4.184 (66) | — | 4.098 (15) | — | 8.900 (4) | — | 3.750 (3) | — | 5.600 (1) | — | — | — | 11.792 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Italian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.96 | β = 0.146 (MAL) | 0.50 (middle) | 6.332 (3619) | 0.321 | 5.069 (20966) | 0.207 | 4.660 (19579) | 0.036 | 4.612 (9043) | -0.014 | 4.626 (2829) | -0.049 | 4.668 (769) | -0.085 | 4.729 (139) | — | 4.859 (23) | — | 3.302 (7) | — | 4.550 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Japanese 📄 | Other | 0.00 | β = 0.025 (gray zone) | 0.80 (high) | 6.446 (91198) | 0.008 | 6.412 (74298) | 0.074 | 6.223 (40239) | 0.018 | 6.191 (13150) | 0.015 | 6.171 (2918) | -0.055 | 6.233 (573) | — | 6.065 (79) | — | 6.545 (11) | — | 10.167 (4) | — | 5.400 (1) | — | 5.909 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4.647 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Javanese 📄 | Sino-Austronesian | 0.97 | β = 0.223 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 3.337 (98) | — | 3.442 (522) | 0.219 | 3.149 (373) | 0.229 | 2.948 (166) | — | 2.675 (40) | — | 2.444 (9) | — | 2.357 (4) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Kaapor 📄 | South-American | 0.12 | — | 1.059 (14) | — | 1.232 (39) | — | 1.231 (13) | — | 1.344 (8) | — | 1.400 (2) | — | 1.167 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Kangri 📄 | Indo-European | 0.03 | — | 2.542 (77) | — | 2.117 (102) | — | 2.047 (64) | — | 2.065 (23) | — | 2.040 (5) | — | — | — | 1.429 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Karelian 📄 | Uralic | 0.87 | — | 2.097 (23) | — | 2.317 (105) | — | 2.021 (93) | — | 2.076 (42) | — | 1.850 (12) | — | 2.750 (4) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2.200 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Karo 📄 | South-American | 0.03 | β = 0.055 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 1.367 (154) | 0.055 | 1.316 (132) | — | 1.257 (35) | — | 1.325 (10) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Kazakh 📄 | Turkic | 0.00 | β = 0.057 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 2.516 (637) | 0.046 | 2.437 (459) | 0.080 | 2.359 (270) | — | 2.293 (76) | — | 3.114 (21) | — | 2.667 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Khoekhoe 📄 | Other | 0.03 | β = -0.040 (gray zone) | 0.00 (low) | 1.913 (670) | -0.063 | 1.998 (1193) | -0.017 | 2.012 (717) | -0.016 | 2.022 (279) | — | 2.097 (78) | — | 1.984 (32) | — | 2.388 (7) | — | 1.625 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Khunsari 📄 | Indo-European | 0.00 | — | 5.000 (1) | — | 2.357 (7) | — | 2.222 (3) | — | — | — | 1.600 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Kiche 📄 | South-American | 0.97 | β = 0.046 (gray zone) | 0.50 (middle) | 2.476 (141) | 0.111 | 2.293 (261) | -0.087 | 2.375 (131) | — | 2.031 (22) | — | 2.080 (5) | — | 2.833 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Komi 📄 | Uralic | 0.59 | β = -0.037 (gray zone) | 0.33 (low) | 2.008 (303) | -0.107 | 2.162 (408) | 0.128 | 2.053 (300) | -0.161 | 2.150 (137) | — | 2.178 (27) | — | 2.111 (6) | — | 1.643 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Komi-Permyak 📄 | Uralic | 0.68 | — | 2.025 (18) | — | 1.578 (67) | — | 1.729 (32) | — | 1.650 (10) | — | 2.100 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Korean 📄 | Other | 0.00 | β = 0.127 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 2.926 (35872) | 0.081 | 2.766 (28859) | 0.111 | 2.644 (17067) | 0.200 | 2.496 (6916) | 0.140 | 2.420 (1956) | 0.201 | 2.333 (432) | — | 2.317 (60) | — | 2.792 (6) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Kurmanji 📄 | Indo-European | 0.05 | β = 0.139 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 3.010 (162) | 0.078 | 2.851 (381) | 0.220 | 2.608 (265) | 0.164 | 2.488 (102) | — | 2.545 (29) | — | 2.200 (10) | — | — | — | 2.625 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Kyrgyz 📄 | Turkic | 0.00 | β = 0.148 (MAL) | 0.67 (high) | 2.577 (1257) | -0.228 | 3.017 (1374) | 0.501 | 2.463 (856) | 0.611 | 2.066 (254) | — | 1.974 (47) | — | 1.956 (19) | — | 2.214 (8) | — | 2.156 (4) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Latgalian 📄 | Indo-European | 1.00 | — | 2.778 (1) | — | 1.538 (12) | — | 1.833 (6) | — | 2.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Latin 📄 | Indo-European | 0.47 | β = -0.235 (Anti-MAL) | 0.14 (low) | 3.024 (21436) | 0.006 | 3.011 (35919) | -0.070 | 3.097 (24655) | -0.212 | 3.291 (12384) | -0.703 | 3.850 (5102) | -0.639 | 4.326 (1883) | -0.114 | 4.402 (865) | -0.582 | 4.758 (368) | — | 5.430 (91) | — | 4.420 (29) | — | 3.942 (11) | — | 6.806 (8) | — | 5.615 (2) | — | 1.929 (1) | — | 2.833 (2) | — | 6.375 (1) | — | — | — | 2.278 (1) | — | — | — | 14.650 (1) | — | — | — | 10.318 (1) | — | — | — | 1.833 (1) |
| Latvian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.80 | β = 0.109 (MAL) | 0.60 (middle) | 3.745 (4396) | 0.043 | 3.634 (14486) | 0.326 | 3.184 (9509) | 0.061 | 3.129 (3052) | -0.068 | 3.177 (641) | -0.003 | 3.179 (125) | — | 2.672 (17) | — | 3.792 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Ligurian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.99 | β = -0.066 (gray zone) | 0.50 (middle) | 5.314 (34) | — | 3.460 (153) | 0.178 | 3.219 (175) | -0.450 | 3.664 (101) | — | 3.337 (37) | — | 2.678 (15) | — | 4.357 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Lithuanian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.82 | β = 0.147 (MAL) | 0.75 (high) | 4.596 (1310) | 0.114 | 4.246 (2705) | 0.277 | 3.795 (1543) | 0.109 | 3.678 (476) | -0.066 | 3.733 (106) | — | 3.363 (17) | — | 4.952 (3) | — | 6.812 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Livvi 📄 | Uralic | 0.69 | — | 1.984 (29) | — | 2.087 (51) | — | 2.058 (62) | — | 2.250 (16) | — | 1.857 (7) | — | 1.833 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LowSaxon 📄 | Indo-European | 0.45 | β = 0.098 (gray zone) | 0.75 (high) | 2.941 (151) | 0.206 | 2.550 (552) | -0.081 | 2.635 (657) | 0.142 | 2.529 (444) | 0.121 | 2.462 (207) | — | 2.641 (70) | — | 2.419 (15) | — | 2.312 (2) | — | 5.667 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Luxembourgish 📄 | Indo-European | 0.20 | — | 2.857 (5) | — | 2.045 (10) | — | 1.905 (7) | — | — | — | 1.600 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Macedonian 📄 | Indo-European | 1.00 | — | 2.233 (38) | — | 1.724 (82) | — | 1.698 (40) | — | 1.773 (11) | — | 1.400 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Madi 📄 | South-American | 0.00 | — | 1.286 (7) | — | 1.312 (8) | — | 1.800 (5) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Maghrebi 📄 | Afroasiatic | 0.98 | β = 0.122 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 2.638 (239) | 0.131 | 2.409 (857) | 0.104 | 2.309 (385) | — | 2.214 (82) | — | 2.083 (12) | — | 2.733 (5) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Makuráp 📄 | South-American | 0.00 | — | 1.708 (14) | — | 1.308 (13) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Malayalam 📄 | Dravidian | 0.01 | — | 3.089 (77) | — | 3.270 (98) | — | 2.626 (49) | — | 2.641 (23) | — | 1.840 (5) | — | 2.667 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Maltese 📄 | Afroasiatic | 0.97 | β = 0.297 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 7.021 (212) | 0.322 | 5.616 (1421) | 0.259 | 5.056 (792) | 0.299 | 4.639 (240) | — | 4.525 (57) | — | 4.648 (8) | — | 4.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Manx 📄 | Indo-European | 1.00 | — | 3.430 (0) | — | 2.526 (9) | — | 2.263 (57) | — | 3.173 (24) | — | 4.133 (5) | — | 2.111 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Marathi 📄 | Indo-European | 0.01 | β = 0.124 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 2.013 (227) | 0.070 | 1.918 (256) | 0.233 | 1.745 (102) | — | 1.975 (20) | — | 2.400 (1) | — | — | — | 1.286 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| MbyáGuaraní 📄 | South-American | 0.51 | β = -0.009 (gray zone) | 0.50 (middle) | 2.744 (515) | -0.016 | 2.775 (597) | 0.006 | 2.769 (317) | — | 2.967 (89) | — | 2.726 (19) | — | 2.833 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| MiddleFrench 📄 | Indo-European | 0.96 | β = 0.120 (MAL) | 0.40 (middle) | 4.891 (686) | 0.224 | 4.189 (2715) | 0.255 | 3.777 (2631) | -0.096 | 3.884 (1511) | -0.075 | 3.949 (609) | -0.004 | 3.952 (211) | — | 4.878 (54) | — | 5.333 (21) | — | 8.833 (6) | — | 6.500 (3) | — | 10.242 (3) | — | 6.042 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Moksha 📄 | Uralic | 0.76 | β = 0.067 (gray zone) | 0.50 (middle) | 1.952 (118) | 0.142 | 1.769 (230) | -0.085 | 1.831 (142) | — | 1.854 (36) | — | 1.567 (6) | — | 2.833 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mundurukú 📄 | South-American | 0.08 | — | 1.645 (46) | — | 1.508 (60) | — | 1.523 (36) | — | 1.719 (8) | — | 3.200 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Naija 📄 | Indo-European | 1.00 | β = -0.248 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 2.203 (2715) | -0.240 | 2.602 (5310) | -0.261 | 2.892 (2976) | -0.226 | 3.087 (1059) | -0.290 | 3.293 (257) | — | 3.798 (69) | — | 4.464 (8) | — | 2.688 (2) | — | 7.222 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Nayini 📄 | Indo-European | 0.00 | — | 5.000 (1) | — | 2.583 (6) | — | 2.167 (4) | — | — | — | 1.600 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Neapolitan 📄 | Indo-European | 1.00 | — | 1.600 (1) | — | 2.346 (12) | — | 2.200 (5) | — | 2.500 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Nenets 📄 | Uralic | 0.01 | — | 1.879 (114) | — | 1.942 (60) | — | 2.222 (30) | — | 2.386 (11) | — | 1.933 (3) | — | 2.167 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Nhengatu 📄 | South-American | 0.97 | β = 0.025 (gray zone) | 0.75 (high) | 2.168 (289) | 0.043 | 2.104 (981) | 0.081 | 2.036 (781) | 0.001 | 2.035 (344) | -0.199 | 2.127 (123) | — | 2.212 (37) | — | 2.107 (12) | — | — | — | 1.111 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| NorthSami 📄 | Uralic | 0.88 | β = 0.028 (gray zone) | 0.67 (high) | 1.979 (336) | 0.072 | 1.883 (1332) | 0.125 | 1.790 (999) | -0.322 | 1.963 (327) | — | 1.958 (95) | — | 1.688 (32) | — | 1.673 (14) | — | 1.600 (5) | — | 1.694 (4) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Norwegian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.99 | β = 0.216 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 4.269 (2326) | 0.021 | 4.206 (17560) | 0.392 | 3.588 (16215) | 0.362 | 3.233 (6939) | 0.178 | 3.108 (1790) | 0.117 | 3.042 (303) | — | 3.361 (42) | — | 2.938 (6) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Occitan 📄 | Indo-European | 1.00 | β = 0.212 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 4.331 (230) | 0.209 | 3.748 (743) | 0.113 | 3.580 (572) | 0.432 | 3.161 (262) | — | 3.616 (74) | — | 3.447 (19) | — | 3.714 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| OldChurchSlavonic 📄 | Indo-European | 0.67 | β = -0.129 (Anti-MAL) | 0.20 (low) | 2.209 (4348) | 0.016 | 2.184 (7796) | -0.002 | 2.186 (5827) | -0.321 | 2.398 (2719) | -0.384 | 2.612 (977) | -0.409 | 2.815 (309) | — | 3.413 (97) | — | 3.342 (29) | — | 3.651 (7) | — | 3.300 (4) | — | 3.455 (1) | — | 3.458 (2) | — | — | — | 3.321 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| OldEastSlavic 📄 | Indo-European | 0.55 | β = -0.255 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 2.668 (7104) | -0.004 | 2.675 (14410) | -0.134 | 2.824 (12046) | -0.157 | 2.954 (6707) | -0.372 | 3.210 (2828) | -0.718 | 3.659 (1074) | -0.703 | 4.077 (402) | -1.093 | 4.718 (113) | — | 4.540 (48) | — | 5.483 (24) | — | 5.056 (11) | — | 6.550 (4) | — | 5.962 (2) | — | 2.571 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | 5.353 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.864 (1) | — | — | — | — |
| OldEnglish 📄 | Indo-European | 0.78 | — | 2.333 (4) | — | 2.033 (15) | — | 1.722 (6) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| OldFrench 📄 | Indo-European | 0.71 | β = -0.047 (gray zone) | 0.33 (low) | 2.890 (2892) | 0.123 | 2.654 (10077) | -0.046 | 2.704 (9398) | -0.052 | 2.744 (4851) | -0.237 | 2.894 (1804) | -0.398 | 3.111 (580) | 0.062 | 3.081 (185) | — | 3.207 (49) | — | 3.827 (8) | — | 3.667 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5.235 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| OldIrish 📄 | Indo-European | 1.00 | — | 3.806 (4) | — | 2.348 (16) | — | 2.767 (8) | — | 2.788 (13) | — | 3.200 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| OldProvençal 📄 | Indo-European | 0.82 | β = -0.200 (Anti-MAL) | 0.20 (low) | 4.699 (426) | 0.058 | 4.515 (1162) | -0.330 | 5.160 (1016) | -0.125 | 5.349 (580) | -0.322 | 5.748 (284) | -1.121 | 7.051 (111) | — | 6.778 (47) | — | 6.078 (16) | — | 7.167 (4) | — | 5.000 (1) | — | 18.636 (1) | — | — | — | 10.769 (1) | — | — | — | 12.800 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| OldTurkish 📄 | Turkic | 0.00 | — | 3.143 (7) | — | 2.062 (8) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Oriya 📄 | Indo-European | 0.02 | — | 2.476 (21) | — | 2.645 (38) | — | 2.469 (32) | — | 2.171 (19) | — | 1.800 (5) | — | 1.667 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| OttomanTurkish 📄 | Turkic | 0.03 | β = 0.065 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 2.970 (1061) | 0.052 | 2.865 (1000) | 0.101 | 2.750 (532) | 0.030 | 2.726 (165) | — | 2.934 (61) | — | 3.136 (11) | — | 3.857 (2) | — | 4.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Pashto 📄 | Indo-European | 0.00 | — | 5.421 (33) | — | 3.052 (97) | — | 3.119 (87) | — | 3.711 (57) | — | 3.315 (26) | — | 3.204 (9) | — | 4.857 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Paumarí 📄 | South-American | 0.61 | — | 1.982 (35) | — | 1.615 (21) | — | 1.367 (10) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Persian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.00 | β = -0.014 (gray zone) | 0.40 (middle) | 4.374 (13907) | 0.056 | 4.208 (23349) | 0.008 | 4.194 (14566) | -0.051 | 4.257 (5448) | -0.177 | 4.428 (1369) | -0.066 | 4.482 (314) | — | 4.529 (60) | — | 5.000 (8) | — | 3.911 (5) | — | — | — | 3.818 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Pesh 📄 | Other | 0.09 | β = 0.103 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 2.529 (219) | 0.103 | 2.354 (166) | — | 2.702 (53) | — | 2.062 (20) | — | 2.233 (6) | — | 4.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Phrygian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.15 | — | 3.875 (22) | — | 3.515 (66) | — | 1.952 (76) | — | 1.871 (31) | — | 1.760 (5) | — | 2.333 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Polish 📄 | Indo-European | 0.85 | β = 0.136 (MAL) | 0.60 (middle) | 3.583 (3507) | 0.211 | 3.096 (17582) | 0.265 | 2.781 (15157) | 0.123 | 2.685 (5838) | -0.086 | 2.737 (1250) | -0.412 | 2.950 (232) | — | 2.945 (43) | — | 2.812 (8) | — | 2.833 (2) | — | 1.650 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Pomak 📄 | Indo-European | 0.93 | β = 0.049 (gray zone) | 0.67 (high) | 2.853 (515) | 0.055 | 2.747 (1408) | 0.088 | 2.651 (922) | -0.053 | 2.692 (316) | — | 2.600 (94) | — | 3.880 (24) | — | 3.167 (6) | — | 4.000 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Portuguese 📄 | Indo-European | 0.99 | β = 0.130 (MAL) | 0.60 (middle) | 6.216 (5838) | 0.211 | 5.371 (35951) | 0.221 | 4.910 (27022) | 0.094 | 4.780 (9637) | -0.111 | 4.900 (2159) | -0.147 | 5.033 (392) | — | 5.054 (49) | — | 5.019 (11) | — | 4.556 (4) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Romanian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.89 | β = 0.092 (gray zone) | 0.83 (high) | 4.415 (7117) | 0.221 | 3.787 (26430) | 0.153 | 3.559 (23302) | 0.026 | 3.533 (11288) | 0.002 | 3.531 (3850) | -0.272 | 3.711 (1029) | 0.122 | 3.642 (233) | — | 4.421 (40) | — | 5.079 (13) | — | 6.040 (5) | — | 5.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Russian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.86 | β = 0.110 (MAL) | 0.83 (high) | 3.760 (24804) | 0.097 | 3.514 (106116) | 0.238 | 3.191 (83682) | 0.208 | 3.005 (29307) | 0.062 | 2.964 (6335) | 0.194 | 2.861 (945) | -1.079 | 3.379 (149) | — | 3.595 (21) | — | 4.111 (8) | — | 4.325 (3) | — | 2.394 (3) | — | 6.667 (1) | — | 3.615 (1) | — | 2.571 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5.222 (1) | — | 2.105 (1) | — | — | — | 2.905 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Sanskrit 📄 | Indo-European | 0.15 | β = -0.018 (gray zone) | 0.60 (middle) | 2.057 (7711) | -0.124 | 2.243 (10554) | 0.034 | 2.212 (6958) | -0.059 | 2.250 (3201) | 0.054 | 2.223 (1146) | 0.362 | 2.081 (323) | — | 2.095 (97) | — | 2.033 (19) | — | 2.111 (1) | — | 1.500 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.286 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Serbian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.95 | β = 0.170 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 5.028 (153) | 0.064 | 4.808 (2594) | 0.269 | 4.312 (2155) | 0.304 | 3.951 (818) | 0.026 | 3.929 (209) | — | 4.100 (20) | — | 4.857 (4) | — | 3.875 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Sicilian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.99 | β = 0.315 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 4.312 (107) | 0.344 | 3.397 (406) | 0.414 | 2.872 (335) | 0.011 | 2.863 (144) | — | 2.737 (54) | — | 2.528 (6) | — | 3.429 (1) | — | 3.125 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Sindhi 📄 | Indo-European | 0.03 | β = -0.046 (gray zone) | 0.40 (middle) | 3.465 (2159) | -0.175 | 3.913 (3116) | 0.108 | 3.745 (2532) | 0.110 | 3.628 (1254) | -0.214 | 3.805 (452) | -0.186 | 3.937 (103) | — | 3.816 (28) | — | 3.375 (6) | — | 5.000 (3) | — | 1.100 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Sinhalese 📄 | Indo-European | 0.00 | — | 2.091 (22) | — | 2.450 (20) | — | 1.833 (14) | — | 1.250 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SkoltSami 📄 | Uralic | 0.35 | β = 0.029 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 1.696 (174) | 0.029 | 1.663 (151) | — | 1.532 (60) | — | 1.417 (20) | — | 1.200 (1) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | 1.222 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Slovak 📄 | Indo-European | 0.85 | β = 0.137 (MAL) | 0.75 (high) | 2.911 (826) | 0.192 | 2.548 (4066) | 0.180 | 2.369 (3112) | 0.085 | 2.311 (1065) | -0.153 | 2.391 (209) | — | 2.133 (20) | — | 3.429 (4) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Slovenian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.79 | β = 0.230 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 4.201 (2016) | 0.227 | 3.590 (9055) | 0.265 | 3.224 (7963) | 0.208 | 3.037 (4008) | 0.184 | 2.915 (1322) | 0.249 | 2.785 (345) | — | 2.884 (67) | — | 2.452 (21) | — | 2.844 (5) | — | 2.675 (8) | — | 1.545 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | 4.214 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Soi 📄 | Indo-European | 0.00 | — | 5.000 (1) | — | 1.500 (4) | — | 1.833 (2) | — | — | — | 1.600 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SouthernKurdish 📄 | Indo-European | 0.03 | — | 1.852 (94) | — | 2.216 (98) | — | 1.740 (32) | — | 1.917 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SouthLevantineArabic 📄 | Afroasiatic | 0.92 | — | 2.575 (2) | — | 2.459 (14) | — | 2.290 (12) | — | 1.750 (1) | — | — | — | 2.167 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Spanish 📄 | Indo-European | 0.99 | β = 0.205 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 7.465 (1835) | 0.223 | 6.394 (20278) | 0.275 | 5.720 (19732) | 0.222 | 5.366 (9187) | 0.034 | 5.325 (2570) | 0.138 | 5.192 (555) | 0.273 | 4.978 (100) | — | 4.212 (13) | — | 6.028 (4) | — | 3.200 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | 3.462 (1) | — | — | — | 1.733 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| SpanishSign 📄 | Indo-European | 0.49 | — | 1.438 (105) | — | 1.500 (94) | — | 1.589 (29) | — | 1.500 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Swedish 📄 | Indo-European | 0.98 | β = 0.106 (MAL) | 0.80 (high) | 3.588 (1027) | -0.024 | 3.649 (7174) | 0.232 | 3.322 (6861) | 0.176 | 3.158 (3042) | 0.116 | 3.077 (869) | 0.031 | 3.059 (172) | — | 3.767 (30) | — | 3.875 (4) | — | 6.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| SwedishSign 📄 | Indo-European | 0.90 | — | 1.589 (66) | — | 1.908 (55) | — | 1.725 (33) | — | 1.577 (13) | — | 1.686 (6) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.778 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SwissGerman 📄 | Indo-European | 0.22 | β = -0.002 (gray zone) | 0.33 (low) | 3.156 (234) | -0.091 | 3.362 (559) | -0.057 | 3.441 (496) | 0.405 | 3.062 (263) | — | 3.056 (96) | — | 3.943 (29) | — | 3.886 (4) | — | 4.958 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Tagalog 📄 | Sino-Austronesian | 1.00 | — | 2.540 (4) | — | 2.645 (9) | — | 2.509 (8) | — | 2.077 (5) | — | 1.857 (5) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Tamil 📄 | Dravidian | 0.00 | β = 0.353 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 4.613 (384) | 0.400 | 3.497 (711) | 0.308 | 3.087 (400) | 0.301 | 2.831 (124) | — | 2.654 (26) | — | 4.100 (5) | — | 6.857 (1) | — | 4.625 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Tangkhul 📄 | Sino-Austronesian | 0.01 | β = 0.107 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 1.728 (154) | 0.107 | 1.605 (285) | — | 1.644 (88) | — | 2.000 (12) | — | 2.533 (3) | — | — | — | 1.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Tatar 📄 | Turkic | 0.00 | β = -0.077 (gray zone) | 0.00 (low) | 3.416 (109) | -0.077 | 3.603 (114) | — | 3.000 (41) | — | 2.825 (20) | — | 2.600 (5) | — | 2.750 (2) | — | 1.571 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Teko 📄 | South-American | 0.42 | β = 0.101 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 1.409 (218) | 0.101 | 1.314 (163) | — | 1.286 (41) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | 1.333 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Telugu 📄 | Dravidian | 0.01 | β = 0.094 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 1.482 (420) | 0.090 | 1.393 (630) | 0.101 | 1.337 (188) | — | 1.319 (18) | — | 1.100 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| TeluguEnglish 📄 | Dravidian | 0.04 | — | 1.400 (15) | — | 1.321 (51) | — | 1.143 (14) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Thai 📄 | Sino-Austronesian | 0.99 | β = 0.087 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 4.914 (1041) | 0.028 | 4.820 (3461) | 0.153 | 4.530 (2165) | 0.088 | 4.416 (924) | 0.127 | 4.293 (338) | — | 3.894 (94) | — | 3.992 (19) | — | 3.417 (3) | — | 3.889 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Tswana 📄 | Niger-Congo | 1.00 | — | 5.000 (0) | — | 1.750 (10) | — | 2.000 (8) | — | 2.062 (4) | — | 2.200 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Tupinambá 📄 | South-American | 0.31 | — | 2.008 (155) | — | 1.960 (90) | — | 1.772 (50) | — | 1.534 (15) | — | 2.400 (6) | — | 1.667 (5) | — | 1.857 (0) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Turkish 📄 | Turkic | 0.02 | β = 0.136 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 3.116 (35141) | 0.127 | 2.854 (30403) | 0.101 | 2.739 (13825) | 0.136 | 2.634 (4133) | 0.246 | 2.494 (780) | 0.132 | 2.434 (122) | — | 2.955 (16) | — | 3.562 (2) | — | 2.000 (1) | — | 3.900 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| TurkishEnglish 📄 | Turkic | 0.42 | — | 2.219 (27) | — | 1.850 (18) | — | 2.095 (7) | — | 4.500 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TurkishGerman 📄 | Turkic | 0.26 | β = 0.050 (gray zone) | 0.60 (middle) | 2.033 (793) | -0.065 | 2.127 (1040) | 0.133 | 2.015 (971) | -0.011 | 2.022 (626) | 0.183 | 1.941 (326) | 0.269 | 1.848 (165) | — | 1.885 (46) | — | 2.112 (20) | — | 1.333 (3) | — | 1.633 (3) | — | 2.091 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Ukrainian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.87 | β = 0.191 (MAL) | 0.75 (high) | 4.545 (1395) | 0.192 | 3.979 (6644) | 0.275 | 3.560 (4842) | 0.239 | 3.323 (1845) | -0.204 | 3.478 (490) | — | 3.402 (89) | — | 4.314 (15) | — | 4.917 (3) | — | 1.778 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Umbrian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.02 | — | 1.645 (88) | — | 1.725 (69) | — | 2.087 (46) | — | 2.683 (15) | — | 3.000 (4) | — | 2.083 (4) | — | — | — | — | — | 1.556 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| UpperSorbian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.67 | β = 0.495 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 4.554 (59) | — | 4.004 (235) | 0.312 | 3.528 (212) | 0.784 | 2.816 (101) | — | 3.033 (36) | — | 2.542 (8) | — | 3.464 (4) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Urdu 📄 | Indo-European | 0.03 | β = 0.142 (MAL) | 0.60 (middle) | 5.698 (2176) | -0.052 | 5.909 (3746) | 0.235 | 5.372 (2891) | 0.422 | 4.758 (1445) | -0.054 | 4.816 (543) | 0.322 | 4.541 (137) | — | 4.827 (38) | — | 6.688 (4) | — | 3.556 (4) | — | 5.300 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4.294 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Uyghur 📄 | Turkic | 0.00 | β = 0.022 (gray zone) | 0.50 (middle) | 2.527 (2618) | -0.009 | 2.543 (1960) | 0.016 | 2.527 (1278) | 0.273 | 2.336 (516) | -0.351 | 2.527 (142) | — | 2.385 (32) | — | 2.686 (5) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Uzbek 📄 | Turkic | 0.00 | β = 0.140 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 2.781 (794) | 0.173 | 2.467 (670) | 0.017 | 2.450 (458) | 0.296 | 2.250 (148) | — | 2.107 (43) | — | 2.450 (10) | — | 2.107 (4) | — | 2.125 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Veps 📄 | Uralic | 0.96 | — | 3.135 (4) | — | 2.440 (47) | — | 2.080 (45) | — | 1.893 (14) | — | 1.700 (6) | — | 2.333 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Vietnamese 📄 | Sino-Austronesian | 1.00 | β = 0.014 (gray zone) | 0.50 (middle) | 3.088 (544) | -0.050 | 3.196 (1738) | -0.014 | 3.214 (1536) | 0.140 | 3.086 (784) | 0.128 | 2.999 (287) | — | 2.989 (61) | — | 3.299 (11) | — | 2.625 (2) | — | 6.000 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Warlpiri 📄 | Other | 0.16 | — | 1.000 (11) | — | 1.111 (24) | — | 1.198 (26) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Welsh 📄 | Indo-European | 0.99 | β = 0.630 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 9.969 (23) | — | 6.256 (466) | 0.652 | 4.803 (650) | 0.595 | 4.048 (207) | — | 3.805 (35) | — | 2.955 (9) | — | 4.000 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| WestArmenian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.40 | β = -0.029 (gray zone) | 0.50 (middle) | 3.609 (3172) | 0.002 | 3.604 (4504) | -0.086 | 3.732 (2633) | 0.074 | 3.653 (788) | -0.200 | 3.820 (172) | — | 3.493 (23) | — | 3.786 (6) | — | 4.375 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| WestNahuatl 📄 | South-American | 0.95 | β = 0.038 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 2.294 (293) | 0.056 | 2.207 (514) | 0.002 | 2.205 (227) | — | 2.316 (62) | — | 2.513 (16) | — | 2.083 (2) | — | 1.857 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Wolof 📄 | Niger-Congo | 0.97 | β = 0.059 (gray zone) | 0.75 (high) | 4.061 (1017) | 0.103 | 3.782 (2070) | 0.027 | 3.740 (1369) | -0.043 | 3.786 (478) | 0.181 | 3.636 (121) | — | 3.958 (24) | — | 4.048 (3) | — | 1.500 (1) | — | 3.556 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Wu 📄 | Sino-Austronesian | 0.99 | β = -0.003 (gray zone) | 0.00 (low) | 1.629 (266) | -0.002 | 1.631 (516) | -0.005 | 1.634 (214) | — | 1.431 (62) | — | 1.325 (8) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Xavánte 📄 | South-American | 0.30 | — | 1.716 (61) | — | 1.812 (90) | — | 2.000 (66) | — | 2.450 (15) | — | 2.333 (6) | — | 2.500 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Xibe 📄 | Other | 0.00 | β = -0.132 (Anti-MAL) | 0.33 (low) | 3.641 (1011) | 0.050 | 3.518 (720) | -0.320 | 4.006 (388) | -0.319 | 4.390 (162) | — | 5.297 (66) | — | 5.566 (33) | — | 6.637 (13) | — | 8.000 (2) | — | 5.556 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Yakut 📄 | Turkic | 0.03 | — | 1.487 (78) | — | 1.508 (129) | — | 1.241 (47) | — | 1.208 (6) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Yiddish 📄 | Indo-European | 0.96 | β = 0.038 (gray zone) | 0.67 (high) | 2.404 (197) | 0.110 | 2.227 (1139) | 0.038 | 2.193 (769) | -0.194 | 2.319 (220) | — | 2.722 (53) | — | 2.444 (9) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Yoruba 📄 | Niger-Congo | 0.95 | β = 0.341 (MAL) | 0.50 (middle) | 3.650 (99) | — | 3.896 (342) | -0.083 | 4.030 (296) | 1.010 | 3.014 (128) | — | 2.954 (34) | — | 3.148 (9) | — | 3.000 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2.182 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Yupik 📄 | Other | 0.53 | β = -0.045 (gray zone) | 0.00 (low) | 2.279 (107) | -0.045 | 2.352 (124) | — | 2.448 (31) | — | 3.143 (7) | — | 2.600 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Zaar 📄 | Afroasiatic | 0.97 | β = 0.006 (gray zone) | 0.67 (high) | 2.440 (248) | 0.012 | 2.420 (407) | -0.056 | 2.476 (264) | 0.123 | 2.390 (166) | — | 2.541 (48) | — | 2.188 (16) | — | 2.857 (5) | — | 1.875 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Category | β(1→max) | 1→2 | 2→3 | 3→4 | 4→5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β < -0.1 | 62 | 11 | 10 | 19 | 22 |
| -0.1 ≤ β < 0 | 36 | 22 | 17 | 12 | 12 |
| 0 ≤ β ≤ 0.1 | 23 | 34 | 22 | 21 | 15 |
| β > 0.1 | 10 | 52 | 74 | 49 | 23 |
| Total | 131 | 119 | 123 | 101 | 72 |
β(1→max) is the raw log-log regression slope from n=1 (negative = MAL compliance). Local change scores (1→2, 2→3, …) are positive when MAL holds at that transition.