← back to MAL Compliance index
📄 next to a language name opens a page of real sample sentences from that language’s treebank, with the verb (red) and its dependents (green) highlighted, illustrating the configurations on which MAL is computed.
| Language ⇅ | Family ⇅ | VO ⇅ | LMAL β(1→max) ⇅ | LMAL compliance ⇅ | MAL_1 (count) ⇅ | 1→2 ⇅ | MAL_2 (count) ⇅ | 2→3 ⇅ | MAL_3 (count) ⇅ | 3→4 ⇅ | MAL_4 (count) ⇅ | 4→5 ⇅ | MAL_5 (count) ⇅ | 5→6 ⇅ | MAL_6 (count) ⇅ | 6→7 ⇅ | MAL_7 (count) ⇅ | 7→8 ⇅ | MAL_8 (count) ⇅ | 8→9 ⇅ | MAL_9 (count) ⇅ | 9→10 ⇅ | MAL_10 (count) ⇅ | 10→11 ⇅ | MAL_11 (count) ⇅ | 11→12 ⇅ | MAL_12 (count) ⇅ | 12→13 ⇅ | MAL_13 (count) ⇅ | 13→14 ⇅ | MAL_14 (count) ⇅ | 14→15 ⇅ | MAL_15 (count) ⇅ | 15→16 ⇅ | MAL_16 (count) ⇅ | 16→17 ⇅ | MAL_17 (count) ⇅ | 17→18 ⇅ | MAL_18 (count) ⇅ | 18→19 ⇅ | MAL_19 (count) ⇅ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abaza 📄 | Caucasian | 0.10 | — | 1.620 (108) | — | 1.667 (48) | — | 1.594 (23) | — | 2.250 (5) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Abkhaz 📄 | Caucasian | 0.01 | β = 0.073 (gray zone) | 0.50 (middle) | 1.853 (1483) | 0.137 | 1.685 (742) | -0.059 | 1.725 (238) | — | 1.789 (58) | — | 1.450 (4) | — | 1.167 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Afrikaans 📄 | Indo-European | 0.16 | β = 0.187 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 3.497 (1391) | 0.260 | 2.921 (1362) | 0.118 | 2.784 (761) | 0.097 | 2.708 (286) | — | 2.807 (60) | — | 2.000 (8) | — | 3.429 (4) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Akkadian 📄 | Afroasiatic | 0.05 | β = 0.086 (gray zone) | 0.67 (high) | 3.742 (1317) | 0.205 | 3.247 (978) | 0.160 | 3.044 (375) | -0.453 | 3.467 (114) | — | 3.277 (39) | — | 3.500 (15) | — | 3.829 (5) | — | 2.830 (22) | — | 4.296 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2.368 (1) |
| Akuntsu 📄 | South-American | 0.06 | — | 1.244 (180) | — | 1.096 (52) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Albanian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.93 | β = 0.116 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 2.067 (210) | 0.116 | 1.907 (113) | — | 1.436 (26) | — | 3.800 (5) | — | 2.200 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Amharic 📄 | Afroasiatic | 0.01 | β = 0.302 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 3.176 (567) | 0.372 | 2.455 (535) | 0.161 | 2.300 (221) | — | 2.337 (49) | — | 2.089 (9) | — | 1.833 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| AncientGreek 📄 | Indo-European | 0.56 | β = -0.056 (gray zone) | 0.17 (low) | 1.931 (22233) | 0.060 | 1.852 (13498) | -0.007 | 1.857 (7660) | -0.049 | 1.883 (3679) | -0.241 | 1.987 (1545) | -0.013 | 1.992 (585) | -0.742 | 2.233 (201) | — | 2.055 (71) | — | 2.317 (21) | — | 3.000 (6) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| AncientHebrew 📄 | Afroasiatic | 0.87 | β = -0.129 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 2.749 (3769) | -0.129 | 3.006 (782) | — | 3.301 (61) | — | 3.344 (8) | — | 2.600 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Apurinã 📄 | South-American | 0.88 | — | 1.394 (104) | — | 1.237 (38) | — | 1.190 (7) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Arabic 📄 | Afroasiatic | 0.97 | β = -0.118 (Anti-MAL) | 0.50 (middle) | 3.037 (17005) | 0.199 | 2.645 (2300) | -0.765 | 3.607 (244) | — | 3.830 (28) | — | 2.600 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Arhuaco 📄 | South-American | 0.02 | β = 0.253 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 2.773 (396) | 0.253 | 2.327 (182) | — | 2.493 (50) | — | 1.841 (11) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Armenian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.46 | β = -0.055 (gray zone) | 0.33 (low) | 2.613 (7281) | 0.012 | 2.592 (3888) | -0.109 | 2.709 (1060) | -0.155 | 2.833 (196) | — | 2.434 (29) | — | 2.083 (4) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Assyrian 📄 | Afroasiatic | 0.80 | — | 2.069 (29) | — | 2.875 (4) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Azerbaijani 📄 | Turkic | 0.00 | — | 1.639 (61) | — | 1.522 (67) | — | 1.519 (18) | — | 1.250 (11) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Bambara 📄 | Niger-Congo | 0.00 | β = -0.515 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 1.455 (1512) | -0.167 | 1.634 (628) | -1.222 | 2.682 (112) | — | 3.212 (13) | — | 3.000 (1) | — | 2.583 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Basque 📄 | Other | 0.14 | β = 0.183 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 2.654 (8547) | 0.205 | 2.303 (6002) | 0.136 | 2.180 (1938) | 0.216 | 2.048 (336) | — | 2.011 (55) | — | 2.333 (9) | — | 2.095 (3) | — | 1.875 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Bavarian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.50 | β = 0.089 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 2.298 (530) | 0.075 | 2.181 (262) | 0.140 | 2.061 (224) | 0.027 | 2.045 (105) | — | 2.081 (52) | — | 2.183 (10) | — | 2.190 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Beja 📄 | Afroasiatic | 0.01 | β = 0.404 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 5.193 (1086) | 0.478 | 3.730 (494) | 0.254 | 3.365 (126) | — | 2.768 (28) | — | 3.600 (3) | — | 2.667 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Belarusian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.87 | β = 0.085 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 2.117 (12541) | 0.010 | 2.102 (5746) | 0.064 | 2.048 (1427) | 0.372 | 1.840 (273) | — | 1.855 (40) | — | 1.708 (4) | — | — | — | 1.875 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Bengali 📄 | Indo-European | 0.09 | — | 1.389 (18) | — | 1.528 (18) | — | 1.458 (8) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Bhojpuri 📄 | Indo-European | 0.03 | β = 0.092 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 4.234 (244) | 0.092 | 3.972 (160) | — | 3.528 (72) | — | 3.393 (35) | — | 3.540 (10) | — | 3.271 (8) | — | 2.571 (4) | — | 6.625 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | 2.818 (2) | — | — | — | 2.308 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Borôro 📄 | South-American | 0.00 | β = 0.229 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 1.847 (12341) | 0.307 | 1.494 (5238) | 0.100 | 1.434 (1187) | 0.255 | 1.333 (115) | — | 2.200 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Breton 📄 | Indo-European | 0.92 | — | 2.863 (365) | — | 1.839 (56) | — | 1.571 (7) | — | 1.750 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Buglere 📄 | South-American | 0.01 | β = -0.051 (gray zone) | 0.00 (low) | 1.286 (266) | -0.051 | 1.332 (155) | — | 1.613 (31) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Bulgarian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.96 | β = 0.166 (MAL) | 0.67 (high) | 2.403 (7040) | 0.254 | 2.015 (3798) | 0.134 | 1.909 (980) | -0.049 | 1.936 (144) | — | 2.027 (15) | — | 3.333 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Buryat 📄 | Other | 0.01 | β = 0.195 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 2.932 (546) | 0.262 | 2.445 (458) | 0.058 | 2.389 (198) | — | 2.405 (58) | — | 2.447 (17) | — | 1.875 (4) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Cantonese 📄 | Sino-Austronesian | 0.97 | β = -0.238 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 1.576 (708) | -0.275 | 1.908 (358) | -0.161 | 2.036 (166) | — | 2.147 (68) | — | 2.523 (26) | — | 2.238 (7) | — | 2.214 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| CappadocianGreek 📄 | Indo-European | 0.93 | — | 1.812 (165) | — | 1.568 (74) | — | 1.646 (32) | — | 2.056 (9) | — | 1.667 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Catalan 📄 | Indo-European | 0.99 | β = 0.251 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 3.907 (17304) | 0.465 | 2.831 (9764) | 0.027 | 2.801 (2191) | 0.038 | 2.770 (326) | — | 2.846 (35) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Cebuano 📄 | Sino-Austronesian | 1.00 | — | 1.778 (36) | — | 1.150 (20) | — | 1.167 (8) | — | — | — | — | — | 1.167 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CentralKurdish 📄 | Indo-European | 0.06 | — | 1.912 (57) | — | 1.900 (35) | — | 1.556 (6) | — | 1.250 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Chhintange 📄 | Sino-Austronesian | 0.04 | β = 0.193 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 2.050 (1535) | 0.187 | 1.801 (816) | 0.207 | 1.656 (229) | — | 1.583 (27) | — | 2.250 (4) | — | 1.542 (4) | — | 1.571 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Chinese 📄 | Sino-Austronesian | 0.99 | β = -0.151 (Anti-MAL) | 0.20 (low) | 2.906 (13736) | -0.092 | 3.098 (8017) | -0.198 | 3.357 (4028) | -0.282 | 3.641 (1450) | -0.111 | 3.732 (449) | 0.082 | 3.676 (122) | — | 3.917 (24) | — | 4.458 (3) | — | 2.889 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Chukot 📄 | Other | 0.44 | β = 0.007 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 1.410 (407) | 0.007 | 1.404 (203) | — | 1.324 (68) | — | 1.542 (18) | — | 1.567 (6) | — | 2.167 (3) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | 1.625 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ClassArmenian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.66 | β = -0.068 (gray zone) | 0.00 (low) | 2.428 (5428) | -0.011 | 2.447 (1906) | -0.072 | 2.520 (486) | -0.245 | 2.704 (113) | — | 3.135 (31) | — | 2.476 (7) | — | 3.714 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ClassChinese 📄 | Sino-Austronesian | 1.00 | β = 0.039 (gray zone) | 0.67 (high) | 1.630 (47998) | 0.032 | 1.594 (19793) | 0.073 | 1.547 (4788) | -0.008 | 1.551 (730) | — | 1.453 (72) | — | 1.470 (11) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Coptic 📄 | Afroasiatic | 1.00 | β = -0.486 (Anti-MAL) | 0.33 (low) | 1.291 (5838) | -1.035 | 2.643 (1352) | 0.575 | 2.094 (518) | -0.973 | 2.770 (246) | — | 3.395 (37) | — | 4.133 (5) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Croatian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.90 | β = 0.145 (MAL) | 0.67 (high) | 2.771 (6553) | 0.307 | 2.239 (4003) | 0.112 | 2.140 (1270) | -0.306 | 2.337 (275) | — | 2.500 (46) | — | 3.167 (4) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Czech 📄 | Indo-European | 0.84 | β = 0.223 (MAL) | 0.60 (middle) | 3.247 (147321) | 0.679 | 2.028 (81001) | 0.049 | 1.989 (31439) | -0.018 | 1.999 (7779) | 0.014 | 1.993 (1416) | -0.414 | 2.149 (183) | — | 2.607 (32) | — | 2.281 (4) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Danish 📄 | Indo-European | 0.98 | β = 0.261 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 2.728 (5763) | 0.384 | 2.091 (1711) | 0.013 | 2.080 (448) | — | 2.125 (70) | — | 2.138 (16) | — | 2.688 (8) | — | 1.357 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Dutch 📄 | Indo-European | 0.44 | β = 0.151 (MAL) | 0.80 (high) | 3.025 (22099) | 0.252 | 2.541 (8651) | 0.015 | 2.525 (5771) | 0.130 | 2.433 (2208) | -0.012 | 2.440 (614) | 0.622 | 2.178 (100) | — | 2.268 (8) | — | 1.094 (4) | — | 2.111 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Egyptian 📄 | Afroasiatic | 1.00 | — | 2.224 (434) | — | 2.383 (30) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| English 📄 | Indo-European | 0.99 | β = -0.297 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 1.626 (54183) | -0.208 | 1.878 (23303) | -0.386 | 2.197 (3342) | -0.392 | 2.459 (347) | — | 2.611 (37) | — | 4.167 (3) | — | 2.214 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Erzya 📄 | Uralic | 0.61 | β = -0.002 (gray zone) | 0.50 (middle) | 1.537 (1476) | -0.017 | 1.554 (643) | 0.028 | 1.537 (200) | — | 1.574 (34) | — | 1.200 (2) | — | 1.167 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Esperanto 📄 | Indo-European | 0.90 | — | 2.367 (120) | — | 2.953 (86) | — | 4.222 (21) | — | 8.083 (3) | — | 6.600 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Estonian 📄 | Uralic | 0.67 | β = 0.177 (MAL) | 0.75 (high) | 2.369 (31616) | 0.410 | 1.783 (8177) | 0.030 | 1.762 (3386) | 0.184 | 1.671 (1068) | -0.398 | 1.826 (238) | — | 1.678 (46) | — | 1.905 (6) | — | 1.625 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Faroese 📄 | Indo-European | 0.95 | β = -0.010 (gray zone) | 0.50 (middle) | 1.974 (3343) | -0.049 | 2.042 (600) | 0.069 | 1.985 (137) | — | 2.741 (28) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Finnish 📄 | Uralic | 0.75 | β = 0.064 (gray zone) | 0.67 (high) | 1.779 (29891) | 0.012 | 1.765 (9200) | 0.182 | 1.639 (1604) | -0.017 | 1.647 (256) | — | 1.474 (38) | — | 1.125 (4) | — | — | — | 1.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| French 📄 | Indo-European | 1.00 | β = 0.006 (gray zone) | 0.67 (high) | 2.410 (19916) | -0.065 | 2.522 (12048) | 0.055 | 2.466 (3065) | 0.131 | 2.375 (509) | — | 2.424 (85) | — | 2.426 (9) | — | 3.786 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| FrisianDutch 📄 | Indo-European | 0.40 | — | 1.551 (176) | — | 1.763 (78) | — | 1.793 (37) | — | 1.656 (24) | — | 2.067 (3) | — | 2.333 (1) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Gaelic 📄 | Indo-European | 1.00 | — | 2.453 (2175) | — | 3.436 (47) | — | 3.000 (1) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Galician 📄 | Indo-European | 0.99 | β = 0.242 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 3.683 (5764) | 0.283 | 3.026 (2388) | 0.157 | 2.839 (443) | — | 3.263 (78) | — | 3.833 (12) | — | 2.750 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Gbaya 📄 | Niger-Congo | 0.99 | — | 1.194 (346) | — | 2.361 (36) | — | 2.697 (11) | — | 5.750 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Georgian 📄 | Caucasian | 0.49 | β = -0.038 (gray zone) | 0.33 (low) | 2.076 (2700) | 0.003 | 2.071 (2295) | -0.116 | 2.171 (1008) | -0.003 | 2.173 (256) | — | 2.175 (56) | — | 2.306 (12) | — | 1.571 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| German 📄 | Indo-European | 0.37 | β = 0.200 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 3.685 (118789) | 0.176 | 3.262 (51107) | 0.162 | 3.055 (53381) | 0.198 | 2.886 (29388) | 0.215 | 2.751 (9905) | 0.325 | 2.593 (2287) | 0.314 | 2.470 (394) | — | 2.691 (51) | — | 2.472 (8) | — | 1.300 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Gheg 📄 | Indo-European | 0.95 | β = -0.039 (gray zone) | 0.00 (low) | 1.378 (1064) | -0.024 | 1.401 (640) | -0.070 | 1.441 (179) | — | 1.470 (58) | — | 1.600 (6) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | 1.333 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Gothic 📄 | Indo-European | 0.68 | β = -0.065 (gray zone) | 0.00 (low) | 1.801 (4443) | -0.016 | 1.821 (2054) | -0.111 | 1.905 (616) | -0.127 | 1.976 (136) | — | 2.553 (30) | — | 3.200 (5) | — | 2.714 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | 2.800 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Greek 📄 | Indo-European | 0.97 | β = -0.036 (gray zone) | 0.50 (middle) | 2.667 (5034) | 0.007 | 2.655 (1740) | -0.122 | 2.790 (225) | — | 2.321 (28) | — | 2.700 (6) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Guajajára 📄 | South-American | 0.77 | — | 1.811 (375) | — | 1.625 (80) | — | 2.061 (11) | — | 3.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Guarani 📄 | South-American | 0.67 | — | 1.739 (23) | — | 1.000 (2) | — | — | — | 1.375 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Gujarati 📄 | Indo-European | 0.03 | — | 3.000 (63) | — | 2.419 (80) | — | 2.175 (40) | — | 1.944 (9) | — | 2.467 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Gwichʼin 📄 | Other | 0.00 | — | 1.310 (129) | — | 1.843 (35) | — | 2.417 (4) | — | 2.500 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Haitian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.99 | β = -0.294 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 1.596 (5147) | -0.304 | 1.972 (1460) | -0.272 | 2.202 (349) | — | 2.524 (52) | — | 2.523 (13) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Hausa 📄 | Afroasiatic | 1.00 | β = -0.401 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 2.041 (1027) | -0.401 | 2.694 (448) | -0.400 | 3.169 (136) | — | 3.420 (47) | — | 3.246 (13) | — | 4.542 (4) | — | 7.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Hebrew 📄 | Afroasiatic | 0.98 | β = 0.197 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 3.910 (13637) | 0.259 | 3.266 (3077) | 0.069 | 3.177 (436) | — | 2.811 (45) | — | 2.667 (3) | — | 4.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| HighlandNahuatl 📄 | South-American | 0.87 | β = 0.104 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 1.394 (713) | 0.104 | 1.297 (293) | — | 1.300 (69) | — | 1.250 (13) | — | 1.800 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Hindi 📄 | Indo-European | 0.04 | β = 0.027 (gray zone) | 0.40 (middle) | 3.723 (11248) | -0.076 | 3.923 (9582) | 0.140 | 3.707 (7739) | 0.111 | 3.590 (3869) | -0.009 | 3.597 (1333) | -0.109 | 3.670 (328) | — | 3.472 (83) | — | 3.642 (15) | — | 3.083 (4) | — | 3.500 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4.429 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2.833 (1) | — | — |
| Hittite 📄 | Indo-European | 0.00 | — | 2.122 (41) | — | 2.357 (63) | — | 2.321 (53) | — | 1.888 (29) | — | 2.691 (11) | — | 1.583 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Hungarian 📄 | Uralic | 0.52 | β = 0.076 (gray zone) | 0.33 (low) | 3.144 (1048) | 0.229 | 2.682 (1247) | -0.087 | 2.778 (701) | -0.074 | 2.838 (216) | — | 2.583 (58) | — | 2.467 (10) | — | 2.500 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Icelandic 📄 | Indo-European | 0.91 | β = -0.172 (Anti-MAL) | 0.25 (low) | 1.682 (75072) | -0.215 | 1.952 (16272) | 0.176 | 1.818 (4616) | -0.448 | 2.068 (1132) | -0.574 | 2.351 (281) | — | 3.063 (45) | — | 4.101 (17) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Indonesian 📄 | Sino-Austronesian | 1.00 | β = -0.069 (gray zone) | 0.33 (low) | 2.274 (7798) | -0.116 | 2.464 (3349) | -0.066 | 2.531 (751) | 0.076 | 2.476 (104) | — | 1.971 (7) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Irish 📄 | Indo-European | 1.00 | β = -0.313 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 2.766 (3180) | -0.313 | 3.438 (184) | — | 3.778 (18) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Italian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.96 | β = 0.003 (gray zone) | 0.75 (high) | 2.796 (31362) | 0.016 | 2.766 (18428) | 0.020 | 2.744 (5659) | 0.173 | 2.611 (1249) | -0.478 | 2.905 (235) | — | 3.110 (38) | — | 2.357 (4) | — | 3.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Japanese 📄 | Other | 0.00 | β = 0.022 (gray zone) | 0.80 (high) | 6.463 (91646) | 0.007 | 6.434 (74399) | 0.074 | 6.244 (40136) | 0.014 | 6.219 (12881) | 0.021 | 6.191 (2787) | -0.111 | 6.317 (530) | — | 6.038 (78) | — | 7.250 (9) | — | 10.167 (4) | — | 5.400 (1) | — | 5.909 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4.647 (2) | — | — | — | — |
| Javanese 📄 | Sino-Austronesian | 0.97 | β = -0.005 (gray zone) | 0.50 (middle) | 1.920 (701) | -0.057 | 1.997 (382) | 0.102 | 1.917 (108) | — | 1.447 (19) | — | 2.400 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Kaapor 📄 | South-American | 0.12 | — | 1.286 (21) | — | 1.167 (39) | — | 1.357 (14) | — | 1.167 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Kangri 📄 | Indo-European | 0.03 | — | 2.356 (87) | — | 2.026 (96) | — | 2.060 (61) | — | 2.034 (22) | — | 2.040 (5) | — | — | — | 1.429 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Karelian 📄 | Uralic | 0.87 | — | 1.588 (182) | — | 1.354 (82) | — | 2.000 (15) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Karo 📄 | South-American | 0.03 | β = 0.067 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 1.324 (210) | 0.067 | 1.264 (106) | — | 1.405 (14) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Kazakh 📄 | Turkic | 0.00 | β = 0.074 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 2.553 (656) | 0.068 | 2.436 (442) | 0.086 | 2.352 (272) | — | 2.297 (74) | — | 3.011 (19) | — | 2.667 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Khoekhoe 📄 | Other | 0.03 | β = 0.065 (gray zone) | 0.33 (low) | 2.037 (993) | 0.189 | 1.787 (1194) | -0.027 | 1.806 (549) | -0.141 | 1.881 (164) | — | 1.982 (56) | — | 2.046 (18) | — | 1.619 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Khunsari 📄 | Indo-European | 0.00 | — | 2.333 (3) | — | 1.750 (8) | — | — | — | — | — | 1.600 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Kiche 📄 | South-American | 0.97 | — | 1.959 (485) | — | 1.935 (69) | — | 2.429 (7) | — | 1.250 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Komi 📄 | Uralic | 0.59 | β = 0.010 (gray zone) | 0.50 (middle) | 1.646 (635) | -0.056 | 1.711 (367) | 0.145 | 1.613 (144) | — | 1.758 (32) | — | 1.667 (3) | — | 1.167 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Komi-Permyak 📄 | Uralic | 0.68 | — | 1.360 (75) | — | 1.342 (38) | — | 1.429 (14) | — | 1.750 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Korean 📄 | Other | 0.00 | β = 0.121 (MAL) | 0.80 (high) | 2.978 (37503) | 0.081 | 2.815 (29811) | 0.122 | 2.680 (16496) | 0.227 | 2.510 (5756) | 0.128 | 2.439 (1325) | -0.014 | 2.445 (240) | — | 2.450 (33) | — | 3.000 (4) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Kurmanji 📄 | Indo-European | 0.05 | β = -0.126 (Anti-MAL) | 0.50 (middle) | 2.136 (302) | -0.295 | 2.620 (337) | 0.217 | 2.400 (201) | — | 2.407 (81) | — | 2.552 (21) | — | 2.143 (7) | — | — | — | 2.625 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Kyrgyz 📄 | Turkic | 0.00 | β = 0.150 (MAL) | 0.67 (high) | 2.582 (1336) | -0.257 | 3.085 (1312) | 0.544 | 2.474 (843) | 0.627 | 2.066 (254) | — | 1.960 (45) | — | 1.935 (18) | — | 2.347 (7) | — | 2.156 (4) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Latgalian 📄 | Indo-European | 1.00 | — | 1.200 (15) | — | 1.125 (4) | — | — | — | 2.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Latin 📄 | Indo-European | 0.47 | β = -0.137 (Anti-MAL) | 0.17 (low) | 2.292 (47708) | -0.011 | 2.309 (33075) | -0.047 | 2.353 (14790) | -0.325 | 2.584 (5153) | -0.513 | 2.898 (1356) | -0.384 | 3.108 (452) | 1.042 | 2.647 (186) | — | 3.681 (27) | — | 3.667 (7) | — | 2.333 (3) | — | 2.455 (1) | — | 2.000 (1) | — | 3.154 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2.059 (1) | — | — | — | — |
| Latvian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.80 | β = -0.016 (gray zone) | 0.33 (low) | 2.140 (19477) | 0.049 | 2.069 (9736) | -0.064 | 2.123 (2535) | -0.126 | 2.201 (415) | — | 2.328 (61) | — | 3.917 (4) | — | 1.286 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Ligurian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.99 | β = 0.052 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 1.895 (210) | 0.052 | 1.828 (189) | — | 1.667 (79) | — | 2.414 (32) | — | 2.933 (6) | — | — | — | 3.429 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Lithuanian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.82 | β = -0.077 (gray zone) | 0.00 (low) | 2.261 (4012) | -0.105 | 2.431 (1610) | -0.022 | 2.453 (447) | — | 2.571 (85) | — | 2.400 (6) | — | 4.833 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Livvi 📄 | Uralic | 0.69 | — | 1.505 (107) | — | 1.435 (46) | — | 1.333 (9) | — | 1.250 (4) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LowSaxon 📄 | Indo-European | 0.45 | β = 0.139 (MAL) | 0.33 (low) | 2.105 (1017) | -0.067 | 2.205 (434) | 0.633 | 1.706 (348) | -0.246 | 1.831 (197) | — | 1.784 (76) | — | 1.913 (21) | — | 1.571 (4) | — | 2.188 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Luxembourgish 📄 | Indo-European | 0.20 | — | 2.000 (9) | — | 1.722 (9) | — | 1.833 (4) | — | — | — | 1.600 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Macedonian 📄 | Indo-European | 1.00 | — | 1.294 (109) | — | 1.377 (57) | — | 1.000 (5) | — | 1.500 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Madi 📄 | South-American | 0.00 | — | 1.222 (9) | — | 1.611 (9) | — | 1.000 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Maghrebi 📄 | Afroasiatic | 0.98 | β = 0.153 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 1.566 (1333) | 0.153 | 1.408 (213) | — | 1.622 (30) | — | 2.750 (2) | — | 1.200 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Makuráp 📄 | South-American | 0.00 | — | 1.789 (19) | — | 1.278 (9) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Malayalam 📄 | Dravidian | 0.01 | — | 3.284 (81) | — | 3.162 (102) | — | 2.727 (44) | — | 2.798 (21) | — | 1.750 (4) | — | 2.667 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Maltese 📄 | Afroasiatic | 0.97 | β = -0.068 (gray zone) | 0.00 (low) | 2.959 (1975) | -0.093 | 3.155 (631) | -0.018 | 3.179 (108) | — | 3.483 (15) | — | 4.400 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Manx 📄 | Indo-European | 1.00 | — | 3.843 (89) | — | 3.571 (7) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Marathi 📄 | Indo-European | 0.01 | β = 0.099 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 1.950 (242) | 0.039 | 1.898 (246) | 0.221 | 1.736 (101) | — | 1.781 (16) | — | 2.400 (1) | — | — | — | 1.286 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| MbyáGuaraní 📄 | South-American | 0.51 | β = 0.002 (gray zone) | 0.50 (middle) | 2.917 (804) | 0.025 | 2.866 (554) | -0.044 | 2.918 (155) | — | 3.250 (23) | — | 2.800 (2) | — | 1.167 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| MiddleFrench 📄 | Indo-European | 0.96 | β = -0.288 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 1.759 (3942) | -0.106 | 1.893 (3055) | -0.514 | 2.332 (1141) | -0.397 | 2.614 (266) | — | 4.038 (37) | — | 4.750 (10) | — | — | — | 2.750 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Moksha 📄 | Uralic | 0.76 | β = 0.064 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 1.594 (347) | 0.064 | 1.524 (145) | — | 1.444 (30) | — | 1.750 (9) | — | 1.600 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mundurukú 📄 | South-American | 0.08 | — | 1.532 (94) | — | 1.382 (55) | — | 1.250 (4) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Naija 📄 | Indo-European | 1.00 | β = -0.734 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 1.286 (9307) | -0.950 | 2.485 (2427) | -0.640 | 3.221 (535) | -0.233 | 3.445 (104) | — | 3.644 (18) | — | 4.333 (5) | — | 8.857 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Nayini 📄 | Indo-European | 0.00 | — | 2.500 (2) | — | 1.786 (7) | — | 1.833 (2) | — | — | — | 1.600 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Neapolitan 📄 | Indo-European | 1.00 | — | 1.462 (13) | — | 1.167 (6) | — | 2.667 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Nenets 📄 | Uralic | 0.01 | — | 1.780 (118) | — | 1.966 (58) | — | 2.195 (29) | — | 2.386 (11) | — | 2.300 (2) | — | 2.167 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Nhengatu 📄 | South-American | 0.97 | β = 0.137 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 1.563 (1526) | 0.099 | 1.459 (668) | 0.213 | 1.338 (292) | — | 1.467 (69) | — | 1.420 (10) | — | 2.167 (2) | — | — | — | 1.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| NorthSami 📄 | Uralic | 0.88 | β = -0.004 (gray zone) | 0.50 (middle) | 1.385 (2325) | 0.005 | 1.380 (676) | -0.024 | 1.393 (122) | — | 1.472 (18) | — | 1.733 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Norwegian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.99 | β = 0.184 (MAL) | 0.33 (low) | 2.960 (36117) | 0.539 | 2.037 (7569) | -0.146 | 2.161 (1312) | -0.261 | 2.330 (163) | — | 2.779 (19) | — | — | — | 2.286 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Occitan 📄 | Indo-European | 1.00 | β = -0.152 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 1.827 (1182) | -0.138 | 2.010 (556) | -0.180 | 2.162 (134) | — | 2.580 (25) | — | 3.667 (3) | — | 4.167 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| OldChurchSlavonic 📄 | Indo-European | 0.67 | β = -0.169 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 1.799 (12749) | -0.057 | 1.872 (6225) | -0.188 | 2.021 (2237) | -0.254 | 2.174 (625) | -0.437 | 2.396 (203) | — | 2.807 (58) | — | 3.551 (14) | — | 2.625 (3) | — | — | — | 3.600 (2) | — | 3.455 (1) | — | 2.833 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| OldEastSlavic 📄 | Indo-European | 0.55 | β = -0.209 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 2.110 (22722) | -0.039 | 2.167 (13000) | -0.187 | 2.338 (5852) | -0.201 | 2.477 (2141) | -0.472 | 2.752 (725) | -0.806 | 3.188 (233) | — | 3.310 (66) | — | 3.996 (28) | — | 4.079 (7) | — | — | — | 3.273 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| OldEnglish 📄 | Indo-European | 0.78 | — | 1.421 (19) | — | 1.500 (5) | — | 1.667 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| OldFrench 📄 | Indo-European | 0.71 | β = -0.177 (Anti-MAL) | 0.25 (low) | 1.678 (12014) | 0.032 | 1.641 (11645) | -0.086 | 1.700 (4802) | -0.415 | 1.915 (1118) | -0.928 | 2.356 (221) | — | 2.333 (40) | — | 2.531 (7) | — | — | — | 2.556 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| OldIrish 📄 | Indo-European | 1.00 | — | 1.536 (28) | — | 1.773 (11) | — | 2.333 (4) | — | 2.750 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| OldProvençal 📄 | Indo-European | 0.82 | β = -0.443 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 2.448 (1900) | -0.451 | 3.347 (1166) | -0.310 | 3.795 (405) | -0.703 | 4.645 (124) | — | 5.794 (34) | — | 7.964 (14) | — | 4.107 (4) | — | — | — | 13.722 (2) | — | 9.700 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| OldTurkish 📄 | Turkic | 0.00 | — | 3.143 (7) | — | 2.062 (8) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Oriya 📄 | Indo-European | 0.02 | — | 2.286 (28) | — | 2.647 (34) | — | 2.494 (29) | — | 2.171 (19) | — | 1.800 (5) | — | 1.667 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| OttomanTurkish 📄 | Turkic | 0.03 | β = 0.029 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 2.763 (1157) | 0.013 | 2.739 (968) | 0.024 | 2.713 (495) | 0.091 | 2.643 (150) | — | 2.904 (52) | — | 2.667 (8) | — | 3.857 (2) | — | 4.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Pashto 📄 | Indo-European | 0.00 | — | 3.022 (46) | — | 2.806 (103) | — | 2.743 (87) | — | 2.830 (53) | — | 2.747 (15) | — | 3.167 (5) | — | 4.857 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Paumarí 📄 | South-American | 0.61 | — | 1.692 (52) | — | 1.050 (10) | — | 1.167 (4) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Persian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.00 | β = -0.086 (gray zone) | 0.20 (low) | 3.280 (18738) | -0.020 | 3.326 (22641) | -0.056 | 3.403 (12360) | -0.167 | 3.570 (4091) | -0.342 | 3.853 (948) | 0.199 | 3.716 (198) | — | 3.768 (40) | — | 5.271 (6) | — | 3.556 (4) | — | — | — | 3.818 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Pesh 📄 | Other | 0.09 | β = -0.045 (gray zone) | 0.00 (low) | 2.339 (322) | -0.045 | 2.412 (108) | — | 2.414 (29) | — | 2.100 (5) | — | 2.400 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Phrygian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.15 | — | 4.373 (51) | — | 3.255 (55) | — | 1.839 (89) | — | 1.750 (3) | — | 1.800 (2) | — | 2.333 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Polish 📄 | Indo-European | 0.85 | β = 0.118 (MAL) | 0.50 (middle) | 2.218 (28219) | 0.138 | 2.015 (11125) | 0.292 | 1.791 (3281) | -0.034 | 1.808 (792) | -0.241 | 1.908 (172) | — | 1.891 (26) | — | 2.381 (6) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Pomak 📄 | Indo-European | 0.93 | β = 0.102 (MAL) | 0.50 (middle) | 1.762 (2021) | 0.182 | 1.553 (988) | -0.060 | 1.591 (225) | — | 1.644 (45) | — | 1.771 (7) | — | 2.500 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Portuguese 📄 | Indo-European | 0.99 | β = 0.134 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 3.466 (55726) | 0.180 | 3.059 (21104) | 0.080 | 2.962 (3684) | 0.099 | 2.878 (512) | — | 3.118 (34) | — | 4.333 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Romanian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.89 | β = -0.110 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 2.081 (41158) | -0.002 | 2.085 (23178) | -0.108 | 2.178 (7051) | -0.247 | 2.338 (1615) | -0.320 | 2.511 (259) | — | 3.098 (44) | — | 3.667 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Russian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.86 | β = 0.075 (gray zone) | 0.75 (high) | 2.175 (142201) | -0.011 | 2.191 (80163) | 0.092 | 2.111 (23330) | 0.171 | 2.009 (4855) | 0.199 | 1.922 (722) | — | 2.168 (94) | — | 2.442 (11) | — | 2.375 (1) | — | 2.000 (1) | — | — | — | 5.909 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Sanskrit 📄 | Indo-European | 0.15 | β = 0.031 (gray zone) | 0.80 (high) | 2.099 (11060) | 0.126 | 1.924 (10798) | 0.040 | 1.893 (5524) | -0.217 | 2.015 (1931) | 0.086 | 1.977 (538) | 0.143 | 1.926 (135) | — | 1.800 (20) | — | 2.281 (4) | — | 1.444 (1) | — | 1.600 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | 1.308 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Serbian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.95 | β = 0.235 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 2.865 (3669) | 0.279 | 2.362 (1786) | 0.146 | 2.226 (429) | — | 2.373 (61) | — | 2.375 (8) | — | — | — | 2.857 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Sicilian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.99 | β = -0.079 (gray zone) | 0.50 (middle) | 1.587 (511) | -0.154 | 1.766 (385) | 0.073 | 1.715 (132) | — | 1.795 (22) | — | 1.467 (3) | — | 1.500 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Sindhi 📄 | Indo-European | 0.03 | β = 0.055 (gray zone) | 0.50 (middle) | 3.115 (2763) | -0.013 | 3.143 (3144) | 0.117 | 2.997 (2339) | 0.158 | 2.864 (1049) | -0.069 | 2.909 (280) | — | 3.270 (55) | — | 2.908 (17) | — | 3.625 (5) | — | 6.889 (1) | — | 1.100 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Sinhalese 📄 | Indo-European | 0.00 | — | 2.091 (22) | — | 2.429 (21) | — | 1.846 (13) | — | 1.250 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SkoltSami 📄 | Uralic | 0.35 | β = -0.099 (gray zone) | 0.00 (low) | 1.242 (277) | -0.099 | 1.330 (100) | — | 1.250 (24) | — | 1.250 (4) | — | 1.200 (1) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | — | — | 1.250 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Slovak 📄 | Indo-European | 0.85 | β = 0.235 (MAL) | 0.67 (high) | 2.175 (5029) | 0.465 | 1.575 (2941) | -0.027 | 1.592 (1107) | 0.048 | 1.570 (199) | — | 1.648 (25) | — | 1.833 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Slovenian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.79 | β = 0.059 (gray zone) | 0.75 (high) | 2.177 (11917) | 0.155 | 1.956 (7776) | 0.008 | 1.949 (3677) | 0.078 | 1.906 (1104) | -0.245 | 2.014 (265) | — | 1.904 (57) | — | 1.798 (12) | — | 2.375 (1) | — | 2.667 (1) | — | 2.400 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Soi 📄 | Indo-European | 0.00 | — | 4.000 (1) | — | 1.500 (4) | — | 1.833 (2) | — | — | — | 1.600 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SouthernKurdish 📄 | Indo-European | 0.03 | — | 1.918 (147) | — | 1.671 (70) | — | 1.500 (8) | — | 1.875 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SouthLevantineArabic 📄 | Afroasiatic | 0.92 | — | 1.964 (28) | — | 2.000 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Spanish 📄 | Indo-European | 0.99 | β = 0.220 (MAL) | 0.67 (high) | 3.837 (33656) | 0.398 | 2.911 (16759) | 0.156 | 2.733 (3425) | -0.218 | 2.910 (389) | — | 2.628 (43) | — | 1.583 (2) | — | 3.619 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| SpanishSign 📄 | Indo-European | 0.49 | — | 1.538 (160) | — | 1.389 (63) | — | 1.500 (8) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Swedish 📄 | Indo-European | 0.98 | β = 0.098 (gray zone) | 0.33 (low) | 2.285 (14466) | 0.254 | 1.916 (3773) | -0.050 | 1.955 (810) | -0.090 | 2.006 (122) | — | 1.900 (8) | — | 1.167 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| SwedishSign 📄 | Indo-European | 0.90 | — | 1.386 (140) | — | 1.389 (27) | — | 1.400 (5) | — | 1.250 (1) | — | 2.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SwissGerman 📄 | Indo-European | 0.22 | β = 0.170 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 2.753 (608) | 0.238 | 2.335 (510) | 0.011 | 2.325 (367) | 0.293 | 2.137 (153) | — | 2.146 (41) | — | 2.125 (4) | — | 2.143 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Tagalog 📄 | Sino-Austronesian | 1.00 | — | 3.619 (21) | — | 1.000 (4) | — | 1.000 (5) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | — | — | 1.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Tamil 📄 | Dravidian | 0.00 | β = 0.379 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 4.832 (416) | 0.463 | 3.506 (706) | 0.341 | 3.053 (393) | 0.193 | 2.889 (108) | — | 2.739 (23) | — | 4.458 (4) | — | 6.857 (1) | — | 4.625 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Tangkhul 📄 | Sino-Austronesian | 0.01 | β = 0.091 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 1.723 (177) | 0.091 | 1.618 (288) | — | 1.634 (72) | — | 1.800 (5) | — | — | — | — | — | 1.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Tatar 📄 | Turkic | 0.00 | β = -0.131 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 3.304 (112) | -0.131 | 3.617 (111) | — | 2.930 (43) | — | 2.921 (19) | — | 2.400 (4) | — | 2.750 (2) | — | 1.571 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Teko 📄 | South-American | 0.42 | β = 0.127 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 1.418 (306) | 0.127 | 1.299 (102) | — | 1.373 (17) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Telugu 📄 | Dravidian | 0.01 | β = 0.086 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 1.473 (431) | 0.080 | 1.393 (629) | 0.099 | 1.339 (179) | — | 1.338 (17) | — | 1.100 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| TeluguEnglish 📄 | Dravidian | 0.04 | — | 1.353 (17) | — | 1.333 (51) | — | 1.167 (12) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Thai 📄 | Sino-Austronesian | 0.99 | β = -0.225 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 2.469 (5842) | -0.243 | 2.923 (1753) | -0.187 | 3.153 (389) | — | 3.759 (53) | — | 3.100 (6) | — | 2.667 (2) | — | 1.857 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Tswana 📄 | Niger-Congo | 1.00 | — | 1.000 (10) | — | 1.167 (9) | — | 1.417 (4) | — | 2.750 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Tupinambá 📄 | South-American | 0.31 | — | 1.811 (244) | — | 1.532 (62) | — | 2.641 (13) | — | 1.375 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Turkish 📄 | Turkic | 0.02 | β = 0.136 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 3.126 (37286) | 0.115 | 2.886 (29373) | 0.102 | 2.769 (13076) | 0.147 | 2.654 (3862) | 0.192 | 2.543 (698) | 0.257 | 2.426 (111) | — | 2.755 (14) | — | 3.562 (2) | — | 2.000 (1) | — | 3.900 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| TurkishEnglish 📄 | Turkic | 0.42 | — | 1.943 (35) | — | 1.733 (15) | — | 1.889 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TurkishGerman 📄 | Turkic | 0.26 | β = 0.131 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 1.791 (1748) | 0.122 | 1.646 (1006) | 0.155 | 1.545 (650) | 0.128 | 1.489 (349) | 0.100 | 1.456 (149) | — | 1.421 (63) | — | 1.310 (18) | — | 1.312 (6) | — | 1.667 (3) | — | 1.600 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Ukrainian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.87 | β = -0.043 (gray zone) | 0.33 (low) | 2.022 (9006) | -0.053 | 2.098 (4592) | -0.086 | 2.172 (1369) | 0.079 | 2.124 (301) | — | 1.711 (47) | — | 2.037 (9) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Umbrian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.02 | — | 1.518 (112) | — | 1.857 (77) | — | 1.741 (27) | — | 1.792 (6) | — | 2.100 (2) | — | 1.667 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | 1.556 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| UpperSorbian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.67 | β = 0.500 (MAL) | 1.00 (high) | 3.149 (395) | 0.500 | 2.227 (119) | — | 2.551 (69) | — | 2.113 (51) | — | 2.700 (16) | — | 2.208 (4) | — | 1.571 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Urdu 📄 | Indo-European | 0.03 | β = 0.048 (gray zone) | 0.60 (middle) | 4.401 (3109) | 0.023 | 4.333 (3643) | 0.130 | 4.111 (2502) | 0.114 | 3.978 (1209) | -0.059 | 4.031 (394) | -0.194 | 4.176 (102) | — | 4.057 (20) | — | 6.875 (3) | — | 3.963 (3) | — | 6.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | 3.308 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Uyghur 📄 | Turkic | 0.00 | β = 0.044 (gray zone) | 0.75 (high) | 2.626 (2757) | 0.055 | 2.529 (1907) | 0.016 | 2.513 (1221) | 0.251 | 2.338 (495) | -0.350 | 2.528 (139) | — | 2.531 (27) | — | 2.686 (5) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Uzbek 📄 | Turkic | 0.00 | β = 0.163 (MAL) | 0.67 (high) | 2.870 (839) | 0.237 | 2.436 (653) | -0.038 | 2.474 (439) | 0.351 | 2.236 (144) | — | 2.141 (41) | — | 2.667 (7) | — | 2.107 (4) | — | 2.125 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Veps 📄 | Uralic | 0.96 | — | 1.464 (69) | — | 1.629 (35) | — | 1.513 (13) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Vietnamese 📄 | Sino-Austronesian | 1.00 | β = -0.198 (Anti-MAL) | 0.33 (low) | 1.966 (2555) | -0.215 | 2.282 (1623) | -0.301 | 2.579 (639) | 0.076 | 2.523 (131) | — | 3.413 (16) | — | 1.833 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Warlpiri 📄 | Other | 0.16 | — | 1.000 (19) | — | 1.029 (34) | — | 1.000 (8) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Welsh 📄 | Indo-European | 0.99 | β = -0.016 (gray zone) | 0.00 (low) | 2.598 (1213) | -0.016 | 2.627 (165) | — | 2.000 (12) | — | — | — | 2.800 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| WestArmenian 📄 | Indo-European | 0.40 | β = -0.096 (gray zone) | 0.00 (low) | 2.374 (6537) | -0.092 | 2.531 (3580) | -0.081 | 2.615 (976) | -0.141 | 2.724 (189) | — | 2.386 (14) | — | 4.444 (3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| WestNahuatl 📄 | South-American | 0.95 | β = 0.028 (gray zone) | 1.00 (high) | 1.516 (738) | 0.028 | 1.487 (301) | — | 1.661 (63) | — | 1.600 (10) | — | 2.100 (2) | — | 2.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Wolof 📄 | Niger-Congo | 0.97 | β = -0.317 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 1.770 (3096) | -0.257 | 2.115 (1519) | -0.439 | 2.528 (381) | — | 2.650 (70) | — | 2.500 (14) | — | 3.000 (3) | — | — | — | 1.500 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Wu 📄 | Sino-Austronesian | 0.99 | β = -0.055 (gray zone) | 0.00 (low) | 1.387 (649) | -0.055 | 1.440 (301) | — | 1.460 (97) | — | 1.417 (18) | — | 1.200 (2) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Xavánte 📄 | South-American | 0.30 | — | 1.763 (114) | — | 1.633 (94) | — | 1.548 (28) | — | 1.562 (4) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Xibe 📄 | Other | 0.00 | β = -0.132 (Anti-MAL) | 0.33 (low) | 3.649 (1023) | 0.060 | 3.501 (716) | -0.349 | 4.032 (382) | -0.291 | 4.384 (162) | — | 5.400 (64) | — | 5.566 (33) | — | 6.637 (13) | — | 8.000 (2) | — | 5.556 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Yakut 📄 | Turkic | 0.03 | — | 1.512 (82) | — | 1.461 (128) | — | 1.250 (44) | — | 1.208 (6) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Yiddish 📄 | Indo-European | 0.96 | β = -0.102 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 1.397 (1651) | -0.104 | 1.502 (502) | -0.096 | 1.562 (194) | — | 1.771 (35) | — | 1.567 (6) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Yoruba 📄 | Niger-Congo | 0.95 | β = -0.210 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 1.465 (540) | -0.210 | 1.694 (309) | — | 1.709 (47) | — | 1.750 (13) | — | 1.000 (1) | — | 2.667 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.700 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Yupik 📄 | Other | 0.53 | — | 2.085 (200) | — | 2.115 (65) | — | 2.067 (5) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Zaar 📄 | Afroasiatic | 0.97 | β = -0.278 (Anti-MAL) | 0.00 (low) | 2.246 (813) | -0.278 | 2.724 (259) | — | 2.842 (57) | — | 3.036 (21) | — | 3.300 (4) | — | — | — | 2.714 (1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Category | β(1→max) | 1→2 | 2→3 | 3→4 | 4→5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β < -0.1 | 39 | 25 | 23 | 26 | 14 |
| -0.1 ≤ β < 0 | 32 | 26 | 22 | 9 | 4 |
| 0 ≤ β ≤ 0.1 | 24 | 30 | 24 | 11 | 3 |
| β > 0.1 | 29 | 43 | 32 | 20 | 5 |
| Total | 124 | 124 | 101 | 66 | 26 |
β(1→max) is the raw log-log regression slope from n=1 (negative = MAL compliance). Local change scores (1→2, 2→3, …) are positive when MAL holds at that transition.